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Bio Lab I > Lesson 9 > Flashcards

Lesson 9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

fungi

A

have cell walls and are heterotrophic.

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2
Q

heterotrophic

A

organisms feed on organic matter produced by other organisms

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3
Q

supergroups

A

a type of classification

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4
Q

pigments

A

substances that absorb light

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5
Q

unicellular algae

A

occur as single, unattached cells that may or may not be mobile

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6
Q

filamentous algae

A

species that occur as chains of cells attached end to end

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7
Q

colonial algae

A

occur as groups of cells attached to each other in a nonfilamentous manner

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8
Q

gametes that have identical shape and appearance

A

isogamous

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9
Q

syngamy

A

pairing and fusion of haploid gametes to form diploid gametes

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10
Q

resistant surface on a zygote

A

zygospore

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11
Q

spores

A

haploid individuals that are capable of developing into an adult without fusing with another cell

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12
Q

conjugation

A

process by which bacteria sexually reproduce. filaments of opposite mating types lie side by side and form projections that grow toward each other. these projections touch and form a conjugation tube through the separating wall dissolving.

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13
Q

diploid stage of the life cycle produces spores and is called the

A

sporophyte

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14
Q

gametophyte

A

haploid stage of the life cycle

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15
Q

alternating between diploid and haploid gametes

A

alternation of generations

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16
Q

oogamy

A

process of making oogonia

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17
Q

daughter colonies

A

when cells divide and produce new colonies called daughter colonies that are held inside the parent colony

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18
Q

brown pigment

A

fucoxanthin

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19
Q

conceptacles

A

tips of fucus branches

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20
Q

oogonia

A

female reproductive structures

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21
Q

male reproductive structure in algae

A

antheridia

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22
Q

hydrophobic substance that absorbs water

A

alginic acid

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23
Q

diatoms

A

unicellular algae containing chlorophylls a and c and xanthopylls

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24
Q

layers of earth containing diatoms

A

diatomaceous earth

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25
Q

layers of earth containing diatoms

A

diatomaceous earth

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26
Q

protozoans

A

eukaryotes with an animal-like heterotrophic ecology

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27
Q

movable extensions of cytoplasm used for locomotion and gathering food

A

pseudopods

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28
Q

food vacuole

A

formed from phagocytosis

contractile vacuole expells excess water

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29
Q

intracellular digestion

A

secrete enzymes into food vacuole

30
Q

secreted or partially secreted covering like a shell on amoeba

A

test

31
Q

flagellum

A

a long tail

32
Q

thin, flat surface that an be undulated or waved for locomotion

A

undulating membrane

33
Q

cillia

A

tiny hairs on

34
Q

micronuclei and macronuclei

A

micronuclei develop from micronuclei and control cell function

35
Q

mass of brightly coloured protoplasm

A

plasmodium

36
Q

when the plasmodium dries into a hard resistant structure

A

sclerotium

37
Q

Viridiplantae and rhodophyte

A

are archaeplastida

38
Q

Viridiplantae

A

green algae and land plants
Have chlorophyll a and b, store starch and cell wall made of cellulose
- have double membrane chloroplasts

39
Q

Rhodophyta

A

red algae with phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanins

40
Q

Types of viridiplantae are

A

chlamydomonas and volvox

41
Q

chlamydomonas

A

unicellular green algae will cell wall

Moves with flagella

42
Q

volvox

A 
colonial algae (unicellular but sticks together)
Has daughter colonies inside
43
Q

Types of rhodophyte are

A

polysiphania and porphyria

44
Q

Alveolate and

A

stramenophiles are connected

45
Q

Types of alveolate ar

A

dinoflagellates, cilliophora and apicomplexa

46
Q

dinoflagellates

A

marine algae that cause red tide! (toxin)
Photosynthetic
- very unusual
- has double layer chloroplast

47
Q

cilliophora

A

have cilia

Heterotrophic

48
Q

apicomplexa

A

single cells
Obligate parasites (can’t survive on their own)
Cause malaria

49
Q

Types of ciliophora are

A

paramecium and vorticella

50
Q

Types of apicomplexa

A

are plasmodium

51
Q

Stramenophiles are

A

heterokonts (water molds, diatoms and brown algae)
heterotrophs are non pigmented and filamentous (water molds)
Photosynthetic ones have chlorophyll a, c and fucoxanthin (causes brown colour)

52
Q

Oomycota are

A

water molds

- can be saprophytic (breaks down organic matter) and pathogenic (disease carrying)

53
Q

Bacillariophyta

A

are diatoms
have fucoxanthin
Diatomaceous earth is a good filter
Produces lots of o2

54
Q

Phaeophyta are

A

brown algae
photosynthetic and has chlorophyll a, c and carotenoid and fucoxanthin
Alternations of generations
Has a double membrane chloroplast

55
Q

Rhizaria have

A

foraminifera
have pseudopods (fake feet) appendages
And shells called tests

56
Q

Amoeba

A

unicellular but large
Heterotrophic (can be saprophytes and parasites)
Move by shifting around cytoplasm to create pseudopods
- have no cell wall!

57
Q

Plasmodium

A

is a giant single cell with many nuclei

58
Q

Euglenozoa

A

have kinetoplastida
move using flagella and undulating membrane (a wavy type cell)
Has a kinetoplast, a mass of circular DNA in mitochondria

59
Q

Types of kinetoplastida

A

are Trypanosoma

60
Q

why are green algae and red algae related?

A

endosymbiont hypothesis states that green and red plastids have a common origin

61
Q

life cycle of chlamydomonas

A

start out diploid, form a zygospore (hard zygote) that then makes spores through meiosis. makes 4 gametes (2 + and 2-) the gametes then fertile (+ and -) in syngamy

62
Q

alternation of generations

A

sporophyte is diploid, sporangium make spores through meiosis (4) then the gametophyte takes them and makes gametes. the gametes then fertilize through syngamy

63
Q

fucus life cycle

A

through meiosis, makes gametes, are fertilized through external syngamy and then the zygote germinates in the thallus’ conceptacles

64
Q

alternations of generations is shown by

A

cladophora

65
Q

viridiplantae are also

A

spirogyra (spiral chloroplasts

66
Q

oogamy

A

one gamete (sperm) is small and motile, the other gamete (egg) is larger and nonmotile

67
Q

isogamy

A

same gametes size will fuse together

68
Q

how do diatoms move

A

glide on gelatinous sheathes

69
Q

conjugation adv and disad

A

adv: mixes gene
disked: takes energy and more than one organism

70
Q

read the book

A

yes

Bio Lab I (12 decks)

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