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ID > Module Intro > Flashcards

Module Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the germ theory of disease.

A

Sickness is caused by contamination from the environment (germs).

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2
Q

What are Koch’s Postulates?

A
  1. The organism is regularly found in the lesions of the disease. 2. The organism can be isolated in pure culture on artificial media. 3. Inoculation of this pure culture produces a similar disease in experimental animals. 4. The organism can be recovered from the lesions in these animals.
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3
Q

Infectious proteins

A

Prions

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4
Q

Acellular

A

Virus

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5
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Bacteria

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6
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Fungi and Parasites

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7
Q

Unicellular Parasites

A

Protozoans

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8
Q

Multicellular Parasites

A

Helminths

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9
Q

Primitive Nucleus -Bacteria -Small -Rigid peptidoglycan cell wall

A

Prokaryotic

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10
Q

True Nucleus -Protozoa, fungi, plants, animals -Evolved from fusion of prokaryotic cells -Membrane-bound organelles (Nucleus and mitochondria/chloroplasts contain DNA) -Animal cells lack cell wall, fungal and plant cell walls are chemically different

A

Eukaryotic

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11
Q

Linnean Binomial System

A

Escherichia Coli

Genus: Escherichia

Species: Coli

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12
Q

From acquisition of microorganism to disease onset.

A

Incubation Period

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13
Q

Nonspecific Symptoms

A

Prodrome

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14
Q

Characterized Clinical Manifestations

A

Specific illness

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15
Q

Examples of systemic specific illness

A
  • Bacteremia
  • Sepsis
  • Septic/Toxic Shock
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16
Q

Complications after resolution of symptoms to complete recovery

A

Convalescence

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17
Q

Examples of Convalescence

A
  • Chronic Carriers
  • Latent Infections
  • Permanent tissue damage after pathogen elimination
18
Q

Factors and mechanisms of disease spread

A

Epidemiology

19
Q

Limited to a small number of isolated cases (meningitis, relapsing fever)

A

Sporadic

20
Q

Continually prevailing in a region (malaria)

A

Endemic

21
Q

Outbreak (listeriosus, salmonellosis)

A

Epidemic

22
Q

Worldwide Outbreak (cholera, HIV/AIDS)

A

Pandemic

23
Q

Microorganism in symbiotic relationship with host

A

Symbiotic

24
Q

Ability of a microorganism to persist and multiply

A

Colonization

25
Q

Colonization with commensal microorganisms

A

Normal Flora

26
Q

Microorganism that can cause disease

A

Pathogen

Pathogenicity = Ability

Pathogenesis = Mechanism

27
Q

Degree of pathogenicity

A

Virulence

28
Q

Colonization by a pathogen

A

Infection

29
Q

Result of infectious process leading to host damage (symptoms)

A

Disease

30
Q

Cause of disease

A

Etiology

31
Q

ID50

A

Infectious dose (number of microorganisms) needed to infect 50% of host population.

32
Q

LD50

A

Lethal dose (number of microorganisms) needed to kill 50% of host population.

33
Q

Relationship between virulence and ID/LD

A

Inverse

34
Q

Zoonotic Infection

A

Infection that gets transmitted under natural conditions from an animal (reservoir host) to human. Can occur directly or indirectly (through vector).

Example: Lyme Disease

35
Q
  • Rabies Virus
  • Clostridium Tetani
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Pseudomonas
A

Skin, soft tissue (trauma)

36
Q
  • Arboviruses
  • Rickettsia
  • Borrelia
  • Plasmodium
A

Skin, bloodstream (arthropod bite)

37
Q
  • Influenza Viruses
  • Pneumonia causing Bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • Fungi (Histoplasma)
A

Respiratory (Inhalation)

38
Q
  • Norwalk virus
  • Shigella
  • Vibrio
  • Campylobacter
  • Giardia
A

Gastrointestinal (Ingestion)

39
Q
  • HIV
  • Neisseria gonorrheae
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Treponema pallidum
  • Trichomonas
A

Genital (Sexual Transmission)

40
Q
  • Several viruses
  • Treponema pallidum
  • Listeria
A

Transplacental

ID (13 decks)

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