Big Case: URI

Question 1

What is gold standard and why is it not used?

Answer 1

Gold standard is isolation of virus in tissue culture. Difficult and not clinically useful to make treatment.

Question 2

What test is used for diagnosis?

Answer 2

RT-PCR because it is rapid and has high sensitivity and specificity.

Question 3

SSRNA enveloped virus

• Paramyxoviridae family
• Four major serotypes (1-4)
• Reinfection is common

Answer 3

Parainfluenza

Question 4

What type of cell does Parainfluenza preferentially affect?

Answer 4

Ciliated epithelial cells

Question 5

How does immune response drive Parainfluenza effects?

Answer 5

1. Virus enters
2. Neutralizing antibody builds up
3. Mucosal IgA tries to attack virus
4. Inflammatory response

Question 6

Which type of airway does Parainfluenza affect?

Answer 6

Large airways of lower respiratory tract.

Causes croup, bronchiolitis

Question 7

What can Parainfluenza cause in immunosuppressed patients?

Answer 7

Pneumonia. 37% Mortality.

Question 8

How is croup or bronchiolitis treated?

Answer 8

Supportive Care

Question 9

How are immunosuppressed patients treated?

Answer 9

Reduce immunosuppression

Question 10

Is there a vaccine for Parainfluenza?

Answer 10

No