Module 9

Question 1

genome

Answer 1

sequence of nucleotides transmitted

Question 2

epigenetic changes

Answer 2

modifications affecting phenotype but not DNA

Question 3

epigenome

Answer 3

unique collection of modifications to nucleotides

Question 4

histones

Answer 4

gene regulation, have short tails of amino acids

Question 5

epigenetic marks

Answer 5

modifications made to DNA or histones attached to the tails

Question 6

DNA methylation

Answer 6

blocks transcription, represses expression

Question 7

DNMT

Answer 7

enzyme that adds methyl group to cytosine. cause of methylation

Question 8

rett syndrome

Answer 8

DNMT MECP2 gene, neuro disorder in girls

Question 9

HSAN1

Answer 9

DNMT in genes 20/21. autosomal dominant, causes dementia

Question 10

chromatin remodeling

Answer 10

shifting form tight to loose DNA

Question 11

histone tail modification

Answer 11

common target for remodeling

Question 12

HATs

Answer 12

add acetyl group to the histone tails, loosens DNA, gene induction

Question 13

HDACs

Answer 13

strip histones of acetyl groups, tightens DNA, represses expression

Question 14

albright’s syndrome

Answer 14

autosomal dominant, mutation in HDAC

Question 15

ncRNA

Answer 15

does not code for a protein

Question 16

microRNA

Answer 16

pairs to mRNA, stops translation, noncoding, made by drosha, processed by dicer complex, matured by RISC

Question 17

writers

Answer 17

HATs, HMTs, PRMTs, writes modifications

Question 18

erasers

Answer 18

HDACs, KDMs, remove modifications, demethylation

Question 19

readers

Answer 19

bromo/chromo/tudor domains, reads code and starts/stops transcription

Question 20

epigenetic therapeutic targets

Answer 20

targets epigenetic modification mechanisms. cancer treatment

Question 21

xist

Answer 21

gene on x chromosome that encodes RNA covering chromosome to silence it

Question 22

cell differentiation

Answer 22

DNA sequence and markers to turn on specific genes to differentiate the type of cell

Question 23

imprinting

Answer 23

marks made during embryonic development. silencing

Question 24

angelman’s syndrome

Answer 24

UBE31 mutation on maternal chromosome, imprinted paternal chromosome, no expression of gene in brain

Question 25

prader-willi syndrome

Answer 25

UBE31 mutation on paternal chromosome, imprinted maternal chromosome

Question 26

transgenerational effects

Answer 26

gene regulation to environmental factors (hormones/chemicals)

Question 27

dutch famine study

Answer 27

holland famine, starvation altered epigenetics

Question 28

agouti mouse model

Answer 28

diet affects methylation of coat color in mice litters

Question 29

bisulfite sequencing

Answer 29

detects methylated cytosines

Question 30

roadmap epigenomics consortium

Answer 30

mapping the human epigenome by methylation status