Module 1 Flashcards
Genome
Complete DNA set of an organism; all the genetic material belonging to an organism
Genotype
The code in the DNA that determines the phenotype
Phenotype
The trait that can be observed and measured
Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
Allele
Gene variants
Mutation
The process that results in different alleles
Chromosomes
Tightly packaged DNA. 46 total in each somatic cell
Autosomes
22 pairs that do not differ between sexes
Sex chromosomes
X, Y
Genetics
The study of inherited traits and variations
Nucleotide
Contains a nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group
Polynucleotide
String of nucleotides
Purines
2 rings, A/G
Pyrimidines
1 ring, T/C
Watson and Crick
Determined structure of DNA
Chargaff’s rules
In any organism the amount of A=T and G=C
Complementary base pairs
When 2 nucleotides are H bonded together
A bonds to…
T
C bonds to…
G
Phosphodiester bond
Bond that links the 5’ end to the 3’ end
Enzymes
Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions
Helicase
Separates DNA strands to form a replication fork