Module 3

Question 1

Chromatin

Answer 1

DNA + protein

Question 2

P arm

Answer 2

Short arm

Question 3

Q arm

Answer 3

Long arm

Question 4

Heterochromatin

Answer 4

Stains dark, repetitive, noncoding DNA

Question 5

Euchromatin

Answer 5

Stains light, protein coding regions

Question 6

Telomeres

Answer 6

Tips of chromosomes, series of repeats

Question 7

Gametes

Answer 7

Egg and sperm

Question 8

Diploid

Answer 8

Somatic cells with two homologous sets of chromosomes

Question 9

Haploid

Answer 9

Germline cells. Duplications through meiosis

Question 10

Mitosis

Answer 10

Cell division where chromosomes duplicate and segregate to daughter cells

Question 11

Prophase

Answer 11

Condense chromosomes

Question 12

Metaphase

Answer 12

Line up chromosomes

Question 13

Anaphase

Answer 13

Separate chromosomes

Question 14

Telophase

Answer 14

Rebuild nuclear membranes

Question 15

Meiosis

Answer 15

Process that reduces the number of chromosome sets from 2 to 1

Question 16

Meiosis 1

Answer 16

Homologous pairs of chromosomes separate from each other

Question 17

Meiosis 2

Answer 17

Sister chromatids separate from each other

Question 18

Prophase 1

Answer 18

Homologous recombination and crossing over

Question 19

Nondisjunction

Answer 19

Happens if the correct chromosomes do not pair during recombination

Question 20

Aneuploidy

Answer 20

Missing a single chromosome or has an extra one

Question 21

Maternal age effect

Answer 21

Nondisjunction and chromosomal abnormalities increase as women age

Question 22

Gregor Mendel

Answer 22

Discovered principles of genetics in experiments with garden pea

Question 23

Monohybrid cross

Answer 23

Followed a single trait or phenotype

Question 24

Dominance

Answer 24

One allele’s presence can mask the expression of the other allele

Question 25

Law of Segregation

Answer 25

Each person has two alleles from mom and dad. The phenotype depends on the genotype. An individual passes one allele to progeny

Question 26

Homozygous

Answer 26

Two identical alleles of a gene

Question 27

Heterozygous

Answer 27

Two different alleles of a gene

Question 28

Wild type allele

Answer 28

Most common form of an allele

Question 29

Wild type phenotype

Answer 29

Most common expression of an allele

Question 30

Mutant phenotype

Answer 30

Variant of a trait due to mutation in the allele

Question 31

`Punnett square

Answer 31

Used to calculate probability of outcomes of monohybrid cross

Question 32

Testcross

Answer 32

To cross an individual of unknown genotype to one that is known to be homozygous recessive

Question 33

Modes of inheritance

Answer 33

Explain common patterns of a single gene inheritance

Question 34

Pedigree

Answer 34

Charts that display family relationships and phenotypes

Question 35

Incomplete dominance

Answer 35

Neither allele is dominant over the other and expression of both is observed as a mix

Question 36

Codominance

Answer 36

Neither allele is dominant and both are expressed as a distinct phenotype

Question 37

Genetic heterogeneity

Answer 37

Mutations in different genes produce the same phenotype

Question 38

Pleiotropy

Answer 38

One gene influences expression of multiple phenotypes

Question 39

Epistasis

Answer 39

Gene masks the affect of another gene

Question 40

Penetrance

Answer 40

All or none expression of a genotype

Question 41

Expressivity

Answer 41

Severity of a phenotype