Module 4

Question 1

Recombinant DNA

Answer 1

Genes from two different sources are combined

Question 2

Genetic engineering

Answer 2

Direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes

Question 3

Nucleic acid extraction

Answer 3

Cell lysis, digestion of proteins to separate DNA

Question 4

Restriction endonucleases

Answer 4

Cut phosphodiester bonds of strands to create sticky ends

Question 5

Restriction site

Answer 5

Specific sequence of DNA that is recognized by enzyme

Question 6

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 6

A sieve that separates DNA molecules from each other based on size and charge

Question 7

Plasmid

Answer 7

Small circular DNA that replicate independently from bacterial chromosome and act as a vector

Question 8

Vectors

Answer 8

Carry DNA from one species into the cells of another species

Question 9

Gene cloning

Answer 9

Produce a protein product and makes copies of a gene

Question 10

GMO

Answer 10

Organisms that acquire a gene by artificial means

Question 11

Transgenic organism

Answer 11

An organism that has a gene from another species

Question 12

Golden rice

Answer 12

GMO to contain a gene for beta-carotene to make Vitamin A

Question 13

Bioremediation

Answer 13

Bacteria or plants with the ability to detoxify pollutants

Question 14

PCR

Answer 14

Amplify a DNA segment through replication

Question 15

Denature

Answer 15

High temps used to split a double strand

Question 16

3 Steps of PCR

Answer 16

1. Denature DNA
2. Primers anneal
3. DNA polymerase extends 5’ to 3’

Question 17

Ct value

Answer 17

Number of cycles at which the sample exceeds the background

Question 18

Low Ct value

Answer 18

High viral load

Question 19

High Ct value

Answer 19

Low viral load

Question 20

False negativies

Answer 20

Indicated by sensitivity

Question 21

False positives

Answer 21

Indicated by specificity

Question 22

Serology testing

Answer 22

Detects antibodies with color change. Rapid tests

Question 23

Microarray

Answer 23

Monitor gene expression by detecting mRNA in two different samples

Question 24

Genetic markers

Answer 24

Short regions in the genome that vary from person to person

Question 25

STR

Answer 25

Short tandem repeats are short stretches of DNA that are repeated many times

Question 26

RFLP

Answer 26

A type of marker used to fingerprint DNA by detecting differences in DNA nucleotide sequences

Question 27

CRISPR-Cas9 System

Answer 27

1. Guide RNA finds target DNA
2. Cas9 protein cuts the DNA
3. Replacement DNA is inserted

Question 28

Silencing DNA

Answer 28

Blocks the expression of a specific ene

Question 29

RNAi

Answer 29

Interference blocks the activity of specific mRNA

Question 30

Morpholino

Answer 30

Synthetic DNA molecule that targets specific genes

Question 31

iPS

Answer 31

Induced pluripotent stem cells