Module 13/14

Question 1

precision medicine

Answer 1

customized prevention based on genetic info

Question 2

personal genome

Answer 2

sequencing reveals predisposition

Question 3

cystic fibrosis

Answer 3

auto recessive gene encodes protein channel to help chloride export salt from cells

Question 4

cancer moonshot

Answer 4

intensify efforts to apply precision medicine to cancer by Biden

Question 5

all of us program

Answer 5

gather data from 1M+ to accelerate research

Question 6

craig venter

Answer 6

called for more genomes to be sequenced

Question 7

CYP genes

Answer 7

involved in metabolizing medication

Question 8

james watson

Answer 8

sequenced self genome except ApoE allele

Question 9

pharmacogenetics

Answer 9

how genetic variations affect body’s response to drugs

Question 10

warfarin

Answer 10

blood thinner, precise dosage, first drug to have FDA warning indicating genetic testing

Question 11

cytochrome P450 genes

Answer 11

produce enzymes active in liver to metabolize drugs

Question 12

poor metabolizer

Answer 12

two variants, LOF enzymes

Question 13

intermediate metabolizer

Answer 13

one variant, LOF enzymes, one normal allele

Question 14

normal metabolizer

Answer 14

no variants, normal enzyme activity

Question 15

ultra-rapid metabolizer

Answer 15

increased enzyme activity

Question 16

codeine

Answer 16

analgesic converted to morphine by CYP

Question 17

HTR2A

Answer 17

serotonin receptor variant predicts response to antidepressants

Question 18

TPMT

Answer 18

enzyme in detoxifying chemotherapy drugs

Question 19

pipeline variant calling

Answer 19

how we identify variants from sequence data

Question 20

DTC

Answer 20

direct to consumer testing for carrier status

Question 21

ELSI

Answer 21

ethical, legal, societal implications

Question 22

genome scan

Answer 22

scans limited number of SNPs for phenotype

Question 23

exome sequencing

Answer 23

provides 3% of sequence

Question 24

validity

Answer 24

analytic accuracy vs clinical

Question 25

CLIA

Answer 25

sets federal standards for validity

Question 26

FDA

Answer 26

determines clinical validity

Question 27

incidental findings

Answer 27

findings not part of initial test

Question 28

nutrigenetics

Answer 28

how genes are involved in nutrition and health

Question 29

metagenomics

Answer 29

analysis of collective group of organisms from environment

Question 30

16s sequence

Answer 30

16srRNA analysis of just rRNA in environmental sample. how we study microbes

Question 31

universal primers

Answer 31

primers can anneal to many templates

Question 32

human microbiome project

Answer 32

surveying microbiota found in 7 human tissues