MODULE 8- TRANSPORTATION POLICY ANALYSIS AND PLANNING TECHNICAL TOUR Flashcards
deals with developing a set of constructs and propositions that are established to achieve specific objectives.
TRANSPORT POLICY
deals with the preparation and implementation of actions designed to address specific problems.
Transport planning
is the means by which governments attempt to reconcile social, political, economic, and environmental goals and aspirations with reality.
PUBLIC POLICY
increased interactions at the international level, both for freight and passengers
GLOBALIZATION
enabled the transfer of ownership and operation of many transport modes to the private sector and favored the entry of new actors. This was particularly the case in the airline industry.
Deregulation and privatization
enabled better coordination of investments, improving the efficiency of interconnected transportation networks and the related supply chains.
A broader focus of policies
have a large number of instruments at their disposal to carry out transport policies.
GOVERNMENT
is the direct control by the state of transportation infrastructure, modes, or terminals is widespread. The most common is the provision by public agencies of transport infrastructure such as roads, ports, airports, and canals.
Public ownership
represent an important instrument used to pursue policy goals. Most public transit systems are subsidized to provide mobility since full-cost recovery would make fares unaffordable to the poorer segments of the population.
SUBSIDIES
represents a means of influencing the shape of transportation that is widely employed. By setting up public agencies to oversee particular sections of the transport industry, governments can influence the entire character and performance of the industry.
REGULATORY CONTROL
Main transport policy instruments
-PUBLIC OWNERSHIP
-SUBSIDIES
-REGULATORY CONTROL
-LABOR REGULATIONS
-SAFETY AND STANDARDS
-RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
TYPES OF TRANSPORT REGULATIONS
-ECONOMIC REGULATIONS
-OPERATING REGULATIONS
-ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
Terminals remain largely under State or municipal ownership, but concession agreements to private operators are common.
Ownership of ports and airports
remain one of the most significant and enduring commitments of public funds.
Highway provision, upgrade, and maintenance
remain dominantly publicly owned and operated. Intercity transport is mostly private, which brings the question of whether urban transportation would gain to be privatized
Urban transit systems
between large private or public entities in the transport sector are commonly subject to regulatory approval to prevent monopolistic behavior. Alliances between major carriers, such as the maritime and air industry, are also sources of contention and regulatory oversight
Mergers, acquisitions, and alliances
It is the combination of elements and their interactions, which produce the demand for travel within a given area and the supply of transportation services to satisfy this demand.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
can be conceptualized as the set of relationships between nodes, networks, and demand.
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
A derived function for the mobility of people, freight, and information for a variety of socioeconomic activities.
DEMAND
Where movements are originating, ending, and transiting (intermediacy), entry or exit points in a transport system.
NODES
Composed of a set of linkages expressing the connectivity between places and the capacity to handle passenger or cargo volumes.
NETWORKS
Nodes where demand is expressed as an origin, destination, or point of transit. The level of spatial accumulation of socioeconomic activities (production and consumption) jointly defines demand and where this demand is taking place.
LOCATION
The amount of traffic over a network, which is composed of nodes and linkages. This is jointly a function of the demand and the capacity of the linkages to support them.
FLOWS
The conveyances such as roads and terminals expressing the physical reality of a network and are designed to handle demand with specific volume and frequency characteristics. Facilities enabling access to a network are jointly characterized by their centrality and the linkages that radiate from them.
INFRASTRUCTURES
