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N142 Happy Thoughts > Module 8: Pt.1 Skin Hair and Nails assessment and terminology > Flashcards

Module 8: Pt.1 Skin Hair and Nails assessment and terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental considerations for infants and children

A

thin, smooth skin.
Don’t sweat
can’t shiver
as they get older, body odour begins & pubic hair growth

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2
Q

Developmental considerations for infants and children

A

increased pigment in nipples, vulva ect.
They get stretch marks (Striae gravidarum) as a result of fragile CT
Increased metabolism and increased sweat,
increased fat in butt and hips

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3
Q

Developmental considerations for older adults

A 
Skin less elastic
Thin, fragile, dry and wrinkled
Looses fat and muscle tone
Wound healing delayed 
senile pupura
Some facial hair
self esteem loss
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4
Q

What is senile purpura

A

Red discoloured areas on older adults

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5
Q

What are striae gravidarum

A

Stretch marks

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6
Q

What subjective data would you collect for an integument assessment

A

1) Previous history of skin disease
2) Change in pigmentation
3) Changes in moles
4) Excessive dryness or moisture
5) Pruitus (severe itching)
6) Excessive bruising
7) Rash or lesion
8) Medications
9) Hair loss
10) Change in nails
11) Environmental or occupational hazards
12) Self care behaviours

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7
Q

What is psoriasis

A

Extra skin cells building up on surface of skin

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8
Q

What is pruritus

A

severe itching

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9
Q

Additional Subjective data for infants and children

A

1) Birthmarks
2) Change in skin colour
3) Rashes or sores
4) Diaper rash
5) Burns and bruises
6) Sun exposure
7) Self destructive habits

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10
Q

Additional subjective data for adolescence

A

Any skin problems (acne)

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11
Q

additional subjective questions for older adults

A

1) Skin changes
2) Wound healing and skin itching
3) Other skin pain
4) Foot changes
5) Falling
6) Diabetes and cardio vascular disease
7) Skin care

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12
Q

What is the main skin integrity assessment tool

A

The Braden Scale

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13
Q

What are the 6 Things that the braden scale measures

A

1) Sensory perception
2) Moisture
3) Activity
4) Mobility
5) Nutrition
6) Friction and sheer

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14
Q

Is a high or a low braden scale measure more susceptible to skin integrity risk?

A

The lower the braden scale the more risk

AKA, a 4 has a way higher chance of developing a skin abnormality than someone who is a 20

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15
Q

What are the additional risk factors mentioned in the braden scale

A
  • Age over 80
  • Exhisting skin breakdown
  • Poor dietary intake of protein
  • Hemodynamic instability
  • Fever
  • Diastolic pressure below 60
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16
Q

What objective data should Inspect during a skin assessment

A

1) Regional examination
2) Colour
3) Moles and their possible abnormalities
4) Temperature
5) Moisture
6) Texture
7) Thickness
8) Edema
9) Mobility and Turgor
10) Vascularity and bruising
11) Lesions

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17
Q

What is the regional examination

A

Looking at the whole body
locations the patient cannot see
inspect mucous membranes

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18
Q

What are different colour abnormalities you might see

A

Pallor, Cyanosis, Erythema, Jaundice, Brown-tan,

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19
Q

What are signs of danger in a mole? (ABCDE)

A

Assymetry, Border irregularity, Color Variation, Bigger than 6mm, elevation and enlargement, Itch burn or bleed

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20
Q

What is pallor

A

Pale skin or dull grey with no glow

-Sometimes caused by anemia, local artery insufficiency, shock

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21
Q

What is Cyanosis

A

A dusk blue grey or dull and lifeless

-increased unoxygenized blood, chronic heart and lung disease, exposure to cold, anxiety

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22
Q

What is erythema

A

Redness of the skin

  • Can be caused by:
  • Hyperemia: Increased blood flow
  • Polycythemia: increased red blood cells
  • Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • Venous Stasis: (decreased blood flow from an area)
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23
Q

What is Jaundice

A

Yellowing of the skin

  • Can be caused by:
  • Liver or renal failure
  • Eating carotene rich food
24
Q

What is “Brown-tan” skin change indicate

A
  • Addisons disease (Increased melanin)

- Cafe au late spots (increased melanin)

25
Q

What is Diaphoresis

A

Profuse sweating (exercise or fever)

26
Q

What can hyperthyroidism cause your skin to feel like

A

Smooth, velvet

27
Q

What can hypothyroidism cause your skin to feel like

A

dry, crackly, rough

28
Q

What is Edema

A

Fluid that accumulates in the intercellular spaces

29
Q

What is unilateral edema

A

localized

30
Q

What is bilateral edema

A

Generalized can mean heart or kidney failure

31
Q

What is mobility

A

Skins ease of rising

32
Q

What is Turgor

A

skins ability to return back to place

33
Q

What is scleroderma

A

Hard skin, Chronic skin disorder with mobility decreased

34
Q

What is Ecchymosis

A

A bruise

35
Q

What is cherry angiomas

A

tiny bruises that can appear in older people

36
Q

What to assess for when looking at lesions

A

1) Colour
2) Elevation
3) Pattern or shape
4) Size
5) Location and distribution
6) colour and odour
* Primary is when it developed on previously unaltered skin
* Secondary is when it changes

37
Q

What should you palpate/ inspect the hair for?

A

1) Colour
2) Texture
3) Distribution
4) Lesions or lice

38
Q

What is hirsutism

A

excessive body hair

39
Q

What should you palpate and inspect the nails for

A

1) Shape and contour
2) Consistency
3) Color

40
Q

What are macules and what are papules

A

macules are small and flat

where as papules rise up

41
Q

What does nail clubbing mean

A

Possible congenital and chronic respiratory or heart disorder, disease chronic bronchitis

42
Q

What are the 3 erythematous states for infants

A

1) 24hr beefy red vasomotor instability
2) harlequin colour change - Side laying position where the top is white and the bottom is red
3) Erethema toxicum - Tiny red macules and papules

43
Q

What is acrocyanosis

A

Blue lips, hands and finger tips

44
Q

What is cutis marmorata

A

cool temps, red or blue skin patterns

45
Q

Jaundice in babies

A

Because of increased number of red blood cells that hemolyze.
On the 3rd or 4th day its normal but on the first day it can mean hymoltic disease
on the second week it can mean a bilateral tract obstruction

46
Q

What is carotenemia

A

Orange or yellow (not in the sclera)
Will go away on its own
its from vitamin A and carotene

47
Q

What is vernix caseosa (on baby when its born)

A

moist white cream cheese substance

48
Q

What is meconium staining (on baby when its born)

A

green

49
Q

When can babies start sweating

A

after a month

50
Q

What is stork bite

A

Flat red or pink forehead or back of neck - fades over time

51
Q

What is lined nigra ( in pregnant women)

A

Brown or black down the midline

52
Q

What is chloasma (in pregnant women)

A

Brown on face

53
Q

What are senile lentigines (in older adults)

A

These are liver spots from sun exposure

54
Q

What are keratoses (in older adults)

A

These are raised, thickened, crusty and warty lesions

Premalignant

55
Q

What is Xerosis

A

It is dry skin

56
Q

What are acrochordons

A

skin tags

57
Q

What is sebaceous hyperplasia

A

Raised yellow papule with pebbly look

N142 Happy Thoughts (12 decks)

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