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N142 Happy Thoughts > Module 10: Respiratory tract > Flashcards

Module 10: Respiratory tract Flashcards

1
Q

what is sputum

A

Mucus produced by cells of the lungs

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2
Q

Hypercapnia

A

to much CO2 in the blood

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3
Q

Hypoxemia

A

to little O2 in the blood

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4
Q

Developmental considerations for infants and children

A

by week 16 same amt of conducting airways as adults
crying shows the resp works
smokers give their babies more risks, sudden infant death or asthma

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5
Q

Developmental considerations for pregnant women

A

Circumference of thoracic cage + 6cm

deeper breathing

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6
Q

Developmental considerations for older adults

A
  • reduced mobility of thorax
  • harder to inflate
  • decreased capacity
  • increased residual volume that they can’t release
  • decreased ability to cough, loss of protective reflexes and increased secretions
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7
Q

Subjective data

A
  • Cough
  • SOB
  • chest pain with breahting
  • History of resp. infection
  • Smoking history
  • environemental exposure
  • self care behaviour
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8
Q

Additional subjective data for child/infant

A

1) illness
2) allergy
3) Chronic resp. illness
4) safety
5) Environmental smoke

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9
Q

additional subjective data for older adults

A

1) activity intolerance
2) level of activity
3) lung disease
4) pain

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10
Q

Tactile fremitus

A

palpable vibrations should be symmetrical
Factors that affect tactile fremitus:
-Location of bronchi in relation to chest wall
-thickness of chest wall
-pitch and intensity

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11
Q

What is crepitus

A

Cracking sensation palpable over the surface of skin

-could mean subcutaneous emphasema

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12
Q

What is pleural friction fremitus

A

Palpable inflammation from the visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together

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13
Q

What does increased fremitus mean

A

compression/ consolidation of the lung tissue

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14
Q

What does decreased fremitus mean

A

When anything obstructs transmission of vibrations

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15
Q

What is resonance (while percussing)

A

Low pitched hollow sound (Normal)

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16
Q

What is hyper resonance

A

low pitched booming sound

too much air

17
Q

what is a dull note

A

abnormal, muffled thud

Could mean pneumonia, pleural effusion or tumor

18
Q

The 3 types of breath sounds

A
  • Bronchial - loud, high pitched @ trachea and larynx
  • Bronchovesicular - moderate @ near spine
  • Vesicular - low soft * peripheral of lung
19
Q

What could decreased breathing sounds mean

A

1) Obstruction of bronchial tree (Foreign body, secretion)
2) Emphysema (enlarged airsacs in lungs)
3) Obstruction of sound (pleural thickening, pneumothorax (air or gas between lungs and chest wall), or pleural effusion

20
Q

What would cause increased breath sounds

A
  • Pneumonia

- fluid in intrapleural space

21
Q

What are adventitious sounds

A

Additional sounds not usually heard

-secretions of thracheoobronchial passageways collide with air or popping open of closed airway

22
Q

What causes crackles

A

excessive fluid

23
Q

What causes wheeze/rhonchi

A

asthma

24
Q

What does retraction and bulging of the interspaces suggest

A
  • Retraction could mean obstruction & increased effort
  • Bulging suggests trapped air
  • In COPD these muscles are used to fore expiration
25
Q

Developmental considerations for infants and children

A
  • Let parent hold infant
  • crying enhances palpation of tactile fremitius and auscultation of breath sounds
  • Offer the stethoscope to older children to test out
  • Barrel shaped chest till age 6
  • Infants are nose breathers
  • mostly breath in abdomen
26
Q

Developmental considerations for older adults

A
  • kyphosis

- barrel shaped chest

27
Q

What is pectus excavatum

A

sunken sternum

28
Q

what is pectus carinatum

A

forward protrusion of sternum, ribs slope

29
Q

What is scoliosis

A

S shaped spine, uneven scapular height, ribs, hips

30
Q

What are discontinuous sounds

A
  • Descrete fine crackles during inspiration

* Pneumonia, heart failure, interstitial fibrosis

31
Q

Whats the cascade cough

A

Hold breath for 2 seconds then contract expiration muscles, cough through exhalation

32
Q

What is the huff cough for

A

your central airway

33
Q

What is the quad cough

A

Push in and up on ab muscles toward diaphragm to cause a cough

34
Q

How to train respiratory muscles

A

Use incentive spirometer for resistive breathing training

Pused lip breathing(increased oxygen saturation) and diaphragmatic breathing

N142 Happy Thoughts (12 decks)

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