Module 11: pt.2 Peripheral vascular

Question 1

which are deep veins in the legs

Answer 1

Popliteal, femoral.

do most of venous return

Question 2

how does venous flow happen

Answer 2

1) Contracting skeletal muscle
2) Pressure gradient by breathing
3) Intraluminal valves (1 Direction flow)

Question 3

What is the “Calf pump/ Peripheral heart”?

Answer 3

When you’re walking you legs muscles are like systole and diastole moving your blood from the bottom

Question 4

Effective venous return needs

Answer 4

1) Contracting skeletal muscle
2) Competent valves
3) Patent lumen

Question 5

what is it called when theres a problem with venous return

Answer 5

Venous stasis

Question 6

What can cause venous stasis

Answer 6

-Dilated veins or varicose have incompetent valves, lumen is so wide that the valve cusps cannot approximate
(Ppl on bed rest don’t move enough)

Question 7

What would happen if we didn’t have lymphatic vessels

Answer 7

Buildup of fluid in interstitial space (Edema)

Question 8

What do lymphatic vessels do

Answer 8

1) Conserve plasma proteins that leak out of capillaries
2) immune function
3) Absorb lipids from intestinal tract

Question 9

What do lymphatic vessels need to be able to move

Answer 9

• Skeletal muscle contraction
• Breath pressure change
• contraction of blood vessels

Question 10

lymphatic considerations for infants and children

Answer 10

• Well developed at birth grow until 10-11
• They surpass adult size and atrophy
• lrg nodes can give abdominal pain

Question 11

considerations for pregnant women

Answer 11

• vasodilaton
• uterus growth can upstruct the drainage of iliac veins
• cause swelling in legs, vulva, hemroids

Question 12

Considerations for older adults

Answer 12

Prolonged bed rest, sitting heart failure increase risk for deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction
-smaller nodes

Question 13

Pulse scale?

Answer 13

0- no pulse
+1 weak and thready
+2 normal
+3 full and bounding

Question 14

Why would a brown colour occur

Answer 14

Chronic venous stasis, result of hemosiderin deposits from red blood cell deviation

Question 15

Where are venous ulcers most likely to be

Answer 15

Usually medial malleolus because of bacterial invasion, poorly drained tissue

Question 16

What would be a sign of arterial deficit

Answer 16

ulcers on toes, one foot or leg may be cooler

Question 17

Will deep vein thrombosis always have symptoms?

Answer 17

No half of all patients with DVT have no clinically detectable signs or symptoms

Question 18

What could bilateral pitting anemia mean

Answer 18

heart failure, diabetic neuropathy

Question 19

What could unilateral edema mean

Answer 19

Occlusion of deep vein, notice any visible dialated, tortuous veins

Question 20

What does dependent rubor look like

Answer 20

Occurs with severe arterial insufficiency

Question 21

What is chronic hypoxia

Answer 21

Loss of vasomotor tone, blood pool in veins

deficiency in oxygen reaching tissues

Question 22

What is a arterial ulcer from

Answer 22

Buildup of fatty plaques and hardening and calcification of the arterial wall (Arteriosclerosis)

Question 23

What is a symptom of arterial ulcer

Answer 23

deep muscle pain in calf food with walking and pain at rest

• coolness, pallor, dependent rubor, diminished pulses, systolic bruits, trophic skin, malnutrition and distal gangrene
• ulcers on feet with no bleeding
• common in diabetics

Question 24

What is a common chronic venous insufficiency

Answer 24

Venous stasis ulcer

Question 25

What are the symptoms of a venous stasis ulcer

Answer 25

• Aching, pin, callow leg, worst at end of day with prolonged sitting or standing
• film, brown deem, coarse thick skin, brown petechiae, dermatitis, pressure, RBC leak out and leave iron behind, weepy bleeding ulcers

Question 26

What are superficial varicose veins

Answer 26

-Incompetent valves that allow reflux

Question 27

What are the symptoms of varicose veins

Answer 27

aching, heavy in calf, easily fatigued, night leg cramps, dialated veins

Question 28

What do you need to do if you think someone has deep vein thrombosis

Answer 28

Immediate referral

Question 29

What is happening when deep vein thrombosis happens

Answer 29

-Deep vein is occluded

Question 30

who is more at risk for DVT

Answer 30

-prolonged bedrest, history of varicose veins, trauma, infection, cancer, oral contraceptives

Question 31

What are the symptoms of DVT

Answer 31

• deep, sharp muscle pain, increased with dorsi flexion

- warm, swell, red, cyanosis, tender

Question 32

in General What are the signs of venous insufficiency

Answer 32

P: Aching, more in evening and dependent on position
S: No change in Sensation 
T: Normal temperature 
C: Normal or cyanosis (blue
C:Cap refill doesn't apply
Pulse: Will be present
Skin: Brown pigment at ankle 
Ulcers: Shallow at ankle

Question 33

in general what are the signs of Arterial insufficiency

Answer 33

P: Burning, throbbing, cramping that increases with exercise
S:Numbness and tingling
Temp: Cool
Color:pale when high, red when lowered
Cap: Will be more than 2 seconds
Pulse: thready or absent
Skin changes: Thin shiny, decreased hair growth, thick nails
Ulcers: Deep, well defined, usually start at toes

Question 34

When would you not apply a SCD sleeve or compression stocking

Answer 34

• open skin lesions or dermatitis
• Recent skin graft
• Decrease arterial circulation: Cool, Gangreen
• Signs of DVT

Question 35

What does PRICE stand for

Answer 35

P-Protect from further injury
R-Restrict/ rest
I-Apply Ice
C-Apply compression
E-Elevate injured area

Question 36

What is happening in coagulative disorders (Thrombosis, Embolism)

Answer 36

Blood clot causes mechanical obstruction to blood flow

Question 37

What is happening in systemic diseases (Arterioscleroisis, atherosclerosis, diabetes)

Answer 37

changes in integrity of arteries

Question 38

What is atherosclerosis

Answer 38

Buildup of plaque on walls

Question 39

What is arteriosclerosis

Answer 39

hardening of walls