Module 8: Behavioral Learning Theories Flashcards
Learning
Change in knowledge or behavior
To show that learning has occurred…
…learning must include a change in behavior.
Contiguity Learning
Learning by associations
Unconditioned Stimulus
The behavior or event that evokes an automatic response
Neutral Stimului
Shapes, behaviors, sounds, smells
Conditioned Response
Learned
Generalization
Conditioned response is expanded beyond a specific stimulus
Discrimination
Learning to differentiate between similar but different stimuli
Extinction
The conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented with the unconditioned stimulus until the learned response disappears.
Law of Effect
Behaviors associated with good consequences are more likely to occur, and vice versa
Cues
Nonverbal events that signal that a behavior is expected`
Prompts
Reminders that accompany a cue
Reinforcement
Increases occurrence of behavior
Punishment
Decreases occurrence of behavior
Positive Reinforcement
Adding something desirable to the environment
Negative Reinforcement
Removing something unpleasant from the environment
Positive Punishment
Adding something unpleasant from the environment
Negative Punishment
Removing something desirable from the environment
Continuous Schedule
Consequence provided after every instance of behavior
Intermittent Schedule
Consequence is provided periodically, but not after every instance of behavior
Ratio Schedules
Consequence after so many instances of behavior
Interval Schedules
Time elapsed after behavior has occured
Fixed Schedules
Occurring after fixed number of instances or fixed amount of time
Variable schedules
Providing consequence after variable number of instances or variable amount of time
