Module 10: Information Processing Flashcards

1
Q

Perception

A

The interpretation of the sensory info. we encounter that helps us understand the environment

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2
Q

Bottom-up Processing

A

We begin w/specific features of a stimuli & automatically piece those features together w/out using conscious awareness to experience an entire object

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3
Q

Top-down Processing

A

Conscious use of our prior knowledge, expectations, or context to perceive stimuli

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4
Q

Attention

A

The process of focusing on certain aspects of the environment

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5
Q

Automatic Processing

A

Used for easy/familiar tasks

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6
Q

Effortful Processing

A

Required for difficult/new tasks

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7
Q

Selective Attention

A

The ability to focus on one stimuli and ignore others

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8
Q

Divided Attention

A

The ability to focus on multiple stimuli

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9
Q

Encoding

A

The process by which info./stimuli enter our memory

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10
Q

Retrieval

A

The process by which info. is obtained from memory

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11
Q

Storage

A

The process in which info. is held/kept between encoding & retrieval.

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12
Q

Sensory Memory

A

All the sensory info. experienced before that info. is processed

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13
Q

Short-term memory

A

The structure that temporarily holds info. from sensory memory that we are attending to until the info. is either no longer attended to/moved to long-term memory

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14
Q

Chunking

A

Breaking info. down into smaller pieces to make it easier to remember

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15
Q

interference

A

When new info. from sensory memory comes into short-term memory and interferes w/old info.

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16
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

Which involves repeating info. over and over again to keep attention activated.

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17
Q

Working memory

A

The info. we are thinking about/attending to at the moment in short-term memory

18
Q

Visuospatial sketchpad

A

Responsible for briefly processing visual info.

19
Q

Phonological Loop

A

responsible for briefly processing verbal or auditory info.

20
Q

Episodic buffer

A

responsible for integrating info. from the visuospatial sketchpad and phonological loop

21
Q

Central executive subsystem

A

Oversees flow of info. between the 3 other systems

22
Q

Long-term memory

A

Holds all the info. we have learned or experienced

23
Q

Dual-coding theory

A

we remember info. better if we encode it as both verbal and visual

24
Q

Network theory

A

Info. is encoded in relation to other info.

25
Spreading activation
Accessing one concept can lead to activation of other related concepts
26
Schema theory
info. contained w/in a script is easier to understand and encode.
27
Recall
Being able to remember things without being prompted
28
Recognition
Being able to choose the correct answer from a list of choices
29
Consolidation
Neural process that strengthens memories over time and can take days, weeks, and months to complete
30
Episodic memory
includes info. from your own life.
31
Semantic memory
involves info. we have that is not tied directly to our personal experiences
32
Procedural memory
info. about how to preform certain tasks
33
Declarative Knowledge
Info. about facts
34
Procedural Knowledge
Info. about how to perform tasks and skills
35
Conditional Knowledge
Info. about what conditions info. or skills can be used under
36
Acronym
Creating an abbreviation to help you remember
37
Chain or rhyme
Connecting items to be memorized in a jingle
38
Loci Method
Imaging a familiar location with items in unusual places
39
Spelling mnemonics
Using a word to help remember the spelling
40
Image mnemonics
Visualizing a picture to help remember the meaning of a word or phrase