Module 7.2 Flashcards
1
Q
associated with stress and anxiety, may result in headache, fatigue, poor circulation, or poor sleep patterns
A
Abnormal breathing patterns
2
Q
the highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion
A
maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2 MAX)
3
Q
what are the two respiratory passages?
A
conducting airways
respiratory airways
4
Q
where air travel through before entering the respiratory airways
A
conducting airways
5
Q
collect the channel air coming from conducting airway
A
respiratory airways
6
Q
3.5 ml x kg x min = 1 metabolic equivalent (MET) is what kind of formula?
A
resting oxygen consumption
7
Q
cardiorespiratory exercise help decreases…
A
resting HR, cholesterol, blood pressure, and the risks of heart disease, blood clots, depression, anxiety, obesity and diabetes.
8
Q
study of energy in the human body
A
bioenergetic
9
Q
a process of which nutrients are acquired, transported, used and disposed of by the body
A
metabolism
10
Q
what is the ultimate source of energy
A
SUN
11
Q
what are the main sources of chemical energy?
A
carbs
fats
protein
12
Q
what does food have to be broken down before it used as energy?
A
substrates
13
Q
the material or substance on which an enzyme acts
A
substrates
14
Q
Adenosine Triphosphate
A
ATP
15
Q
what are carbs when they are broken down?
A
glucose, a simple sugar
16
Q
requires oxygen is known as
A
aerobic
17
Q
requires no oxygen is known as
A
anaerobic
18
Q
energy storage and transfer unit within cells
A
ATP
19
Q
where the body can no longer produce enough energy with normal oxygen intake
A
Anaerobic threshold
20
Q
elevation of metabolism after exercise
A
Excess post oxygen consumption (EPOC)
21
Q
what are the 3 types of the energy systems?
A
ATP-PC
Glycolysis
Oxidative System
22
Q
what is the benefit of using fat as energy?
A
an inexhaustible supply of fat for prolonged exercise.
23
Q
what is the substrate of fats?
A
triglycerides
24
Q
ATP - PC energy system
A
anaerobic
high intensity
10-15 secs
ex. sprints, low reps, high loads
25
Glycolysis system
anaerobic
breakdown of glucose
mod-to high intensity
30-50 secs
ex, typical fitness workouts of 8-12 reps
26
Oxidative system
uses the aid of oxygen to generate ATP.
Aerobic glycolysis -> Krebs cycle -> Electron transport chain
Long term energy
1 min-2 mins
27
what is the process called when protein becomes the main source of fuel?
gluconeogenesis
28
what are the two acids built up in the glycolysis system?
```
lactic acid (anaerobic)
pyruvic acid (aerobic)
```
29
fat produces more ATP but uses MORE oxygen than carbs T/F
TRUE
30
Using oxygen takes longer to generate ATP than without oxygen T/F
TRUE
31
breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids to convert FFA into Acyl-COA, which are available to enter the Krebs Cycle & lead to the production of additional ATP.
B-Oxidation
32
the ability to recover quickly
paramount
33
a respiratory quotient of 1.0 indicates what?
Carbs are supplying the fuel
34
a respiratory quotient of .7 indicates what?
fat is supplying the fuel
35
a respiratory quotient of .7-1.0 indicates what?
a mixture of both carbs and fat as the fuel source
36
protein cannot be used as energy until it..
turns into glucose through the glucogenesis process
37
what is the energy system we used for sustain exercise and at rest?
oxidative system
38
high intensity/sprint uses....
anaerobic (ATP-PC/Glycolysis)
39
walk/steady state
aerobic (oxidative)
40
science concerned with internal and external forces acting on the body
biomechanics
41
influence applied by one object to another accelerates or decelerates the second object.
Force
42
a force that produces rotation
Torque
43
the closer the load to the point of rotation, the less torque it creates (T/F)
True - bent arm is easier than straight arm.
44
rigid 'bar' that rotates around a stationary fulcrum
Lever
Bones are LEVER
45
What are the three classes of the Lever?
1st fulcrum (rest) in the middle
2nd resistance in the middle
3rd effort in the middle (most common on human limbs)
46
1st class lever example
nodding head (rest in the middle)
47
2nd class lever example
calf raise
| push up
48
3rd class lever example
bicep curl (most common in human limbs)
49
the study of applying laws of mechanics and physics to determine how forces affect human movement & to better predict performance in athletic events
biomechanics
50
above the point of reference
superior
51
below the point of reference
inferior
52
positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference
proximal
53
positioned farthest from the center of the body or point of reference
distal
54
the front of the body
anterior
55
the back of the body
posterior
56
farther from the middle of the body
lateral
57
closer to the middle of the body
medial
58
on the opposite side of the body
contralateral
59
on the same side of the body
Ipsilateral
60
list the anatomic location
```
superior
inferior
proximal
distal
medial
lateral
contralateral
Ipsilateral
```
61
what are the plane of motion?
sagittal
frontal
transverse
62
Frontal plane consists of what type of motions
side to side
abduction/adduction
inversion/eversion
lateral flexion (spine bends one side to another)
63
sagittal plane consists of what type of motions?
flexion/extension
| up and down
64
transverse plane consists of what type of motion?
Rotation
horizontal ab/adduction
horizontal flexion/extension
supination/pronation
65
examples of front plane exercises
side lateral raises, side lunge, side shuffle
66
examples of sagittal plane exercises
bicep curls, tricep push down, squats
67
examples of transverse plane
throwing, golfing, swinging a bat, trunk rotation
68
arms are on the side with the palm faced forward. Terms such as anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, ab/adduction apply to the body with it is in this position
anatomic position
69
what axis is frontal plane in?
coronal
70
what axis is sagittal plane in?
anterior-posterior
71
what axis is transverse plane in?
longitudinal
72
bending movement; decrease relative angle between segments
flexion
73
straightening movement; increases relative angle between segments
extension
74
extension of the ankle
plantar flexion
75
flexion of the ankle
dorsi flexion
76
movement in the frontal plane away from the middle
abduction
77
movement in the frontal plane towards the middle
adduction
78
transverse plane arm movement from anterior to lateral
horizontal abduction
79
what is an example of horizontal abduction?
chest flies, push ups, chest presses
OR when hips are flexed at a 90 degree. Ex. seated hip abduction/adduction
80
transverse plane arm movement from lateral to anterior
horizional adduction
81
rotation toward the middle of the body
internal rotation
82
rotation away from the middle of the body
external rotation
83
what are the scapular motions?
retraction
protraction
depression
elevation
84
what is the motion of scapula retraction
adduction - towards the midline
85
what is the motion of scapula protraction?
abduction - away from the midline
86
what is motion of scapula depression
inferior
87
what is the motion of scapula elevation?
superior
88
what are the three types of muscle actions?
isotonic
isometric
isokinetic
89
isotonic includes...
eccentric and concentric
| the negative/deceleration & acceleration
90
isometrics includes...
the stabilizing portion (the pauses)
91
isotonic =
constant muscle tension
92
isometric =
constant muscle length
93
isokinetic =
constant velocity (speed) of motion
94
what happens to myosin and actin during the eccentric phase?
they are pulled apart from each other - allow the muscles to be at its resting length
95
what happens to myosin and actin during the concentric phase?
they overlap each other (cross-bridges) the sliding filament theory.
96
force is produced, muscle tension is developed & movement occur through a given ROM
isotonic
97
when the muscle is exerting force equals to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in muscle length
isometric
98
when a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full ROM
isokinetic
99
where is isokinetic used?
mainly on machines and limited to rehab labs only.
100
moving in the opposite direction of force accelerates or produces force; muscle shortens
concentric
101
muscle develops tension while lengthening, decelerates forces
eccentric
102
a muscular force equal resistive force stabilizes forces; no change in muscle length
isometric
103
as the velocity of contraction increases, concentric force decreases, and eccentric force increases.
force-velocity curve.
104
resting length of a muscle and the tension it can produce at that length
length-tension relationship
105
muscles working together to produce movement
force-couple relationship
106
what is on the x and y-axis for the force-velocity curve?
velocity (X)
| force (Y)
107
ability to produce and reduce force and stabilize the kinetic chain in all three planes of motion
neuromuscular efficiency
108
alignment of the musculoskeletal system that allows the center of gravity to be maintained over a base of support
structural efficiency
109
soft tissue models along the lines of stress
Davis Law
110
joint motion is caused by...
muscles pulling ON the bones. Muscles cannot actively push
111
what are the three pillars of motor behavior?
motor control
motor learning
motor development
112
motor response to internal and external stimuli
motor behavior
113
how the CNS integrates sensory info with previous experience
motor control
114
integration of motor control process through practice, leading to a relatively permanent change to produce skilled movement
motor learning
115
the change in motor skill behavior overtime throughout the lifespan
motor development
116
cooperation of the nervous and muscular systems in gathering and interpreting information and executing the movement
sensorimotor integration
117
group of muscles that are recruited by the CNS to provide movement
muscle synergies
118
cumulative sensory input from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements
proprioception
119
force reduction and deceleration is part of..
eccentric
120
force production and acceleration is part of
concentric
121
what type of training is eccentric movement important in?
hypertrophy
| maximal strength
122
what type of training is concentric movement important in?
power production
123
use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the HMS in motor learning
feedback
124
internal feedback
sensory info used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment
125
external feedback
information provided by some external source (fitness professional, recording, mirror) to supplement the internal environment.
126
knowledge of results
used after completion of movements to be informed on outcome
| get the client involved after each rep or set
127
knowledge of performance
info about the quality of the movement
| get the client involved with her sensory process
