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ANSC 460 > Module 7- veterinary herd health management > Flashcards

Module 7- veterinary herd health management Flashcards

1
Q

prior to herd health management, what was the role of a veterinarian on a dairy farm?

A

sick cow work in morning -> lameness, displace abomasum, milk fever
some emergencies
lots of preg checking in afternoon

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2
Q

why did roles of vets in dairy practice change?

A

vet shortage

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3
Q

T or F: dairy vets do less preg checking than mixed animal vets

A

T

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4
Q

proactive health management examples (2)

A
  • body condition scoring
  • estrus synch
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5
Q

goals of a herd health program must be (3)

A

1) quantifiable -> can follow progress
2) actionable ->act when not going how we want
3) specific / clearly defined

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6
Q

what proportion of dairies keep good health records?

A

20-25%

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7
Q

what is the best way to identify disease

A

necropsies

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8
Q

prognosis for sick food production animal is

A

to return to productivity

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9
Q

issue with AI algorithm for pathology

A

biased towards more common diseases = less rare disease results

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10
Q

how do activity monitors change role of vets?

A

helps interpret data & how we use this data on farm

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11
Q

When must pain control be used?

A
  • dehorning/disbudding
  • castrating
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12
Q

local anesthetic

A
  • blocks nerve conduction
  • short duration
  • need to neutralize with sodium bicarb bc they are very acidic
    example: lidocaine
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13
Q

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID)

A

blocks production of inflammatory mediators
- reduced inflammation = reduced pain
- like advil
example: metacam

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14
Q

T or F: alternating ibuprofen & acetaminophen has same effect as morphine

A

T

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15
Q

landmark for gunshot

A

perpendicular to skull, held 2-3 feet away from head
- aim where lines from corner of eyes meet in center of head

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16
Q

young vs old animal rifles

A

younger- soft/hollow point
old- high velocity, slugs (high diameter)

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17
Q

examples of unfit animals for transport

A

very thin
proplapses
close to/after calving
non-ambulatory
lameless

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18
Q

examples of compromised animals

A

bloat
frostbite
minor rectal/vaginal proplase
peak lactation

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19
Q

T or F: lots of unfit animals shipped in dairy industry

A

T

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20
Q

what 2 types of calves must not be shipped

A

1) calves less than 1 week of age
2) calves engorged with milk

21
Q

the term vaccination originally came from

A

cow pox

22
Q

1st vaccine given

A

cow pox

23
Q

what 2 vaccines might be given to calves

A

scours & pneumonia

24
Q

what 2 vaccines might be given to cows to prevent mastitis

A

S. aureus & coliforms

25
Q

killed vs modified live vaccines

A

1) killed -> need boosters, safer, no cell mediated immunity
2) modified live -> 1 dose, less safe can become virulent

26
Q

clostridial vaccines

A

vaccinate adult cows to be transferred to colostrum for calves

27
Q

respiratory disease vaccines example

A

BVD

28
Q

calf scour vaccines

A

coronavirus

29
Q

why are intranasal vaccines often given to calves

A

will not get killed by maternal antibodies = protection

30
Q

T or F: mastitis vaccines are not very effective

A

T

31
Q

what does an arched back indicate

A

pain when walking

32
Q

how much does a lameness case cost?

A

$180

33
Q

do antibiotics get given without a diagnosis of bacterial disease?

A

yes in India & China you can buy whatever from the pharmacy

34
Q

antibiotic resistant bacteria

A

superbugs

35
Q

T or F: ceftiofur does not cause milk withdrawal

A

T

36
Q

treatment of joint infection & mastitis - systemic or local?

A

joint- penicillin (systemic)
mastitis- ceftiofur (local)

37
Q

how does feeding waste milk to calves contribute to antibiotic resistance?

A

the milk has antibiotics in it = increase of prevalence of antibiotic resistance bacteria = can get into udder

38
Q

what is a VCPR

A

vet client patient relationship

39
Q

off label use is only approved with a

A

VPCR

40
Q

diseases that does not respond to vaccines

A

diarrhea
lameness (but footrot does)
staph auerus mastitis

41
Q

culture based programs can reduce antibiotic use by

A

2/3

42
Q

what % of clinical mastitis cases culture negative

A

20-40

43
Q

most drigs are targeted at gram ( ) bacteria

A

positive

44
Q

how must clinical mastitis be treated?

A

systemically & give fluids

45
Q

T or F: negative cultures of mastitis can be present still but not shedding = antibiotics are not needed

A

T

46
Q

how can we reduce antibiotic resistance

A

selective dry cow treatment

47
Q

T or F: older animals tend to have higher SCCs

A

T

48
Q

reason why products without a health canada DIN can only be used with a VCPR

A

b/c of concerns with residues in food chain & antimicrobial resistance

49
Q

extralabel drug use refers to

A

use of product with a health canada DIN that is inconsistent with the label or use of a product without a health canada DIN

ANSC 460 (16 decks)

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