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ANSC 460 > Module 5- milking systems > Flashcards

Module 5- milking systems Flashcards

1
Q

how to remove milk

A

application & removal of positive and negative pressure for milk to be pressed out of teat cistern

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2
Q

what kind of pressure is hand milking

A

positive

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3
Q

5 disadvantages to hand milking

A
  • slow
  • inefficient
  • low milk yields
  • lack of selection for hand sized teats
  • poor milk quality (hygiene)
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4
Q

what is used to stimulate milk let down in hand milking systems

A

calf presence

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5
Q

bucket milking system components

A

used in conventional tie stall barns
- pipeline runs above cows
- uses centralized vacuum pump which is applied via air pipeline

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6
Q

3 disadvantages to bucket milking system

A

1) inefficient
2) high labour
3) poorer milk quality -> not clean like parlour

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7
Q

pipeline milking systems

A

conventional barn, milk flows to central collection tank

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8
Q

what is the only part not washed in pipeline milking systems

A

vacuum line

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9
Q

tie stall barn milking system

A

vacuum line runs entire length of barn to pump house
- milking units suspended from rails
- ontario & quebec

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10
Q

milking parlour systems

A

all milking equipment is centralized
- cows brought to parlour for milking

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11
Q

side opening (tandem) parlour

A

1 single exit, cows follow each other (like campus barn)

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12
Q

herringbone parlour

A

1 single exit

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13
Q

rapid exit herringbone parlour

A

cows can exit at same time

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14
Q

parallel parlour

A

180 degree turn, cows released together

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15
Q

3 types of rotary parlours

A

1) turnstile
2) tandem
3) herringbone

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16
Q

turnstile rotary

A

cows face center, cannot see all cows (like work parlour)
hanger, roamer & post dip

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17
Q

why are rotaries used

A

for efficiency - can milk more cows per hour

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18
Q

how many mins per 1 rotary rotation? Why?

A

9-11 mins to prevent longer milking cows from needing 2 turns (b/c milking time is 7-8 mins)

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19
Q

tandem rotary

A

can see all cows from operators pit, cows are horizontal (nose to butt)

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20
Q

why should crowd gates not be used?

A

aggressive = higher stress
- used to reduce labour

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21
Q

the new code of practice states that electronic gates are

A

no longer permitted

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22
Q

how to reduce aggressivness of crowd gates

A

have bell/buzzer to warm cows prior to the movement of the gate

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23
Q

sort gates

A

automatically diverts herd in different directions = reduces labour for regrouping cows or AI or treating etc

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24
Q

3 types of robots

A

1) free-stall
- individual
-2) rotary (low hang rate)
3) tie stall

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25
Q

how does a tie stall robotic milker work

A

it is on tracks, causes cow to back up & index into it

26
Q

guided flow- feed first system

A

one way gates through barn = unidirectional flow
- campus barn

27
Q

guided flow-milk first

A

opposite order of guided flow feed first

28
Q

free flow barn

A

no gates, push away from robot to relieve pressure into robot

29
Q

advantages & disadvantages of free flow barn

A

A:
1) no gates = cheaper
2) better welfare = no physical barriers for feed/water/rest

D:
1) more labour for fetching
2) train cows to enter robot on their own

30
Q

4 components of a milking machine

A

1) vacuum pump
2) pulsator
3) milking claw
4) milk reciever

31
Q

vacuum pump function

A

generates vacuum to apply force to withdraw milk from teat

32
Q

pulsator function

A

switch between applied vacuum & atmospheric pressure
- 45-60 cycles
- squeeze around teat & release

33
Q

vacuum value

A

37-41 kilopascals

34
Q

what would happen if only applied constant vacuum, no atmospheric pressure?

A

never allow teat to refill

35
Q

3 reasons for vacuum

A

1) allows cows to be milked
2) allows milk to move to receiver jar
3) moves liquids during wash cycle

36
Q

low vs high pipline placement & amount of vacuum required

A

low: under cows in parlour = less vacuum required
high: runs above cows in tie-stall = require higher vacuum to get into pipeline

37
Q

vacuum regulator function

A

detects changes & maintains vacuum at regulated pressure
- pressure changes can be due to leaks, slippage of teat cups, removal of teat cups, & dirty regulator

38
Q

what controls amount of air emitted into vacuum system

A

simple air inlet valve

39
Q

inflation

A

rubber inside teat cup

40
Q

simultaneous vs alternating pulsators

A

S- all 4 quarters have vacuum
A- alternating vacuum on quarters

41
Q

pulse tube function

A

applies vacuum or atmospheric pressure

42
Q

3 effects of a stiff or cracked inflation

A

1) reacts slowly to change in pressure
2) reduces milking speed
3) increased risk of mastitis

43
Q

T or F: inflations changing is based on # of milkings

A

T

44
Q

is the milking or massage phase longer

A

milking

45
Q

T or F: pulse tube is not connected integrally with milk flow

A

T

46
Q

pulsation ratio

A

60:40

47
Q

teat cup

A

seal between lower & upper part of teat shell

48
Q

what occurs when vacuum is applied?

A

liner opens = milk extraction begins

49
Q

constant vs variable vacuum regions

A

constant -> applied to bottom of teat
- milking line
variable -> along side of teat during massage phase
- pulsator chamber

50
Q

milking phase

A

pulsator chamber is connected to the vacuum

51
Q

massage phase

A
  • vacuum is only applied to milking line = atmospheric pressure can enter
  • vacuum closes around teat = no milk ejection
  • pulsator chamber is connected to air
52
Q

T or F: teat end is always under vacuum

A

T

53
Q

what can occur if vacuum is too low vs too high

A

low:
- milking unit can fall off
- more slippage/air = mastitis
- reduces speed of milking

high:
- stops milk flow
- teat lesions = mastitis
- teat congestion/damage

54
Q

normal milk flow rate is ( )kg/min for 5-8 mins

A

2-5

55
Q

how to prevent teat end damage (2)

A

1) stimulation & timing for milk let down, consistent milk intervals, pre/post dip, fore stripping, white towel test
2) milk liners / pressures / vacuum
- too high vs too low

56
Q

hyperkeratosis

A

dark scar tissue build up = less opportunity for teat to seal = increases risk for mastitis

57
Q

what should you look at if a herd has high SCC

A

look at teats -> if bad = parlour caused = check liners, inflations, pulsators, pressures, etc

58
Q

milk removal systems (2)

A

1) bucket
2) receiver jar -> transition jar -> milk tank

59
Q

how can you evaluate milk hygiene

A

look at milker filters & temperatures

60
Q

how to ensure inflations are working properly?

A
  • fits tightly around top & bottom of teat cup
  • releases vacuum
61
Q

interceptor jar

A

prevents backflow into pipes if bucket gets full

ANSC 460 (16 decks)

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