Midterm Key points

Question 1

Design your optimal calf rearing program from borth to slaughter. You can only highlight 3 points & the rational why for each of the following phases.
A) colostrum feeding
B) milk / milk replacer
C) weaning management
D) post-weaning management

Answer 1

A) Quality Quantity & Timing
B) Type of milk (whole), How fed & amount fed
C) gradual weaning
D) social housing

Question 2

How can there be more nitrogen leaving the rumen than coming into the rumen?

Answer 2

1) nitrogen coming in from saliva
2) nitrogen entering rumen wall from urea recycling

Question 3

what occurs as cows reach peak lactation?

Answer 3

massive DMI for milk production = lags behind energy released through milk = cows lose body weight b/c have to mobilize own body reserves for demand of energy for milk production

Question 4

why do cows near parturition often face an immunocompromised state

Answer 4

Plasma vitamin A, E, selenium & zinc decline

Question 5

4 NEFA fates

Answer 5

1) peroxisomes -> beta oxidation = acetyl CoA for TCA
2) mitochondria - regulated by CPT-1, completely oxidized to provide energy for hepatocytes
3) ketone bodies
4) TG -> stored or exported as VLDLs

Question 6

when would you want to decrease fNDF? (2)

Answer 6

• higher DMI
• using supplemental buffers