Module 4- Transition Period

Question 1

DMI decreases by (%) during the transition period

Answer 1

30

Question 2

transition period

Answer 2

3 weeks prior to birth & 3 weeks after

Question 3

why does DMI decrease?

Answer 3

• hormonal changes
• inflammation
• calf is taking up space

Question 4

after calving, what happens to DMI? Why?

Answer 4

increases to meet demands of milk production

Question 5

what makes some cows more susceptible to metabolic diseases?

Answer 5

greater decrease in DMI = negative energy & protein balance

Question 6

3 body sources cows will mobilize to support milk production

Answer 6

1) fat
2) protein
3) skeletal muscle

Question 7

adipose tissue vs glycogen- rapid or slow depletion?

Answer 7

adipose: longer term
glycogen: depleted rapidly

Question 8

DMI drops by (%) and peaks at ( ) into lactation

Answer 8

30-40%, 9-13 weeks

Question 9

T of F: sustained effects on whole lactation occur

Answer 9

T

Question 10

health disorders decrease production by ( )kg/d during first 20 days of lactation

Answer 10

7.2

Question 11

T or F: metabolic disorders are correlated

Answer 11

T

Question 12

DCAD

Answer 12

dietary cation anion difference

Question 13

inflammation leads to ( ) which increases risk for secondary disorders

Answer 13

reduction in DMI

Question 14

3 things that occur during the pre-partum phase

Answer 14

• decline in DMI = neg energy & protein balance
• increase in energy demand due to fetal growth & mammary development
• mobilization of fat & skeletal muscle

Question 15

why does most negative energy balance occur post-partum?

Answer 15

due to rapid increase in nutrient demand for milk production

Question 16

when is NEFA concentration the highest?

Answer 16

around calving

Question 17

why are transition cows at risk for rumen acidosis

Answer 17

1) change in diet @ calving= increase energy density
2) rapid DM intake

Question 18

3 ways acid is removed from the rumen in order of most removed?

Answer 18

1) absorption of VFAs
2) salivary bicarbonate
3) passage

Question 19

how much acid can be removed from salivary bicarbonate

Answer 19

28%

Question 20

what happens to rumen papillae when cows are dried off?

Answer 20

their surface area decreases

Question 21

why is there a decrease in nutritional plane at dry off?

Answer 21

b/c do not need extra nutrients -> will get fat = more fat to mobilize = fatty liver

Question 22

what kind of diet is used 2 weeks before calving? What does it do for larger papillae?

Answer 22

high energy diet, stimulate papillae growth

Question 23

what do low feed intake events do to VFA absorption

Answer 23

reduce

Question 24

cows during ( ) are at high risk for ruminal acidosis

Answer 24

early lactation

Question 25

T or F: feeding high energy diets does not reduce risk for acidosis after calving

Answer 25

T

Question 26

steaming up

Answer 26

feeding higher energy diet

Question 27

why does steaming up not work in close up diets?

Answer 27

if reduce DM intake more = higher ketone bodies in blood after calving

Question 28

T or F: want BCS to be maintained during dry off

Answer 28

T

Question 29

too high vs too low BSC in dry off

Answer 29

too high: mobilize too much NEFA & overwhelm liver = drop intake more
too low: not enough energy

Question 30

Goldilocks diet

Answer 30

increase straw & decrease grain to control required fiber in diet

Question 31

how does the Goldilocks diet help?

Answer 31

1) Lowers decrease in DMI pre-partum & increases DMI post partum
2) decreases risk for DA, ketosis & milk fever

Question 32

high straw problem

Answer 32

increases sorting behaviour & overcrowding

Question 33

how does the Goldilocks diet help?

Answer 33

1) Lowers decrease in DMI pre-partum & increases DMI post partum
2) decreases risk for DA, ketosis & milk fever