Module 7 - Pathophysiology and Disease Processes Flashcards
Definition of pathophysiology
The challenges each body system has in maintaining homeostasis and overall state of health
Definition of etiology
The cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition
Reminder flashcard: a list of common conditions and their causes/symptoms/treatment is on the first section of this module
On test may be expected to match the disease with the system?
Incidence vs Prevalence
Incidence refers to the occurrence of new diseases or cases in a specific population over a distinct time period. Some conditions occur more often in specific populations.
Prevalence refers to the proportion of a population who have a particular disease at a specific point in time. Includes all cases, not just new
Definition of risk factor
Characteristics that make a person more likely to suffer a disease or injury. Can be modifiable or non modifiable. Ex: high fat diet vs history of breast cancer
Morbidity vs Mortality
Morbidity refers to the measure of sickness/disease within a specific population or area.
Mortality is the measure of deaths in an area or a population
Morbidity leads to mortality. CDC and WHO track the rates
Comorbidities definition
When multiple diseases/conditions are in one person at the same time. Often chronic in nature, and can make diagnosis/treatment more difficult.
Obesity, hearth disease, and diabetes mellitus are common comorbid conditions
Upstream management definition
When health care organizations become involved in the health of its populations, even when patients are not in the clinic or hospitals with a goal in keeping patients healthy and out of health care facilities by improving their understanding of contributing health factors
Pandemic vs Epidemic vs Endemic
Classifications of disease
Pandemic: world-wide outbreak of a disease
Epidemic: spreads rapidly to a large number of people
Endemic: constantly present within a community
PCOS
Polycystic ovary syndrome - condition of the endocrine system
Impetigo
Lesions caused by bacteria - condition of the integumentary (skin) system
Pediculosis
Lice infestation - condition of the integumentary (skin) system
Bursitis
Joint pain and swelling - condition of the musculoskeletal system
Gout
Deposits of uric acid crystals in joints - condition of the musculoskeletal system
Kyphosis
Growth retardation or improper development of growth plates - condition of the musculoskeletal system
Lordosis
Excessive inward curvature of lower back - condition of the musculoskeletal system
Paget’s disease
Hereditary disease causing bone deformity and destruction - condition of the musculoskeletal system
Angina
Coronary artery narrowing Atherosclerosis - condition of the cardiovascular system
Myocardial infarction
“Heart attack” or MI, caused by coronary artery blockage - condition of the cardiovascular system
Aneurysm
Bulge in the blood vessel caused by atherosclerosis, etc (usually no symptoms) - condition of the cardiovascular system
Thrombophlebitis
Blood clot in veins; caused by excessive inactivity, cancer - condition of the cardiovascular system
Atelectasis
Complete or partial collapse of lung - condition of the respiratory system
BPH
Benign prostatic hyperplasia - condition of the reproductive system
Hydrocele
Failure of the inguinal ring (to scrotom) to close properly in development - - condition of the reproductive system
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones - condition of digestive system
Pyelonphritis
Bladder infection that spreads to kidneys - condition of urinary system
