Module 3 - Pharmacology (Drugs and Abbreviations) Flashcards
1
Q
albuterol
A
bronchodilator
2
Q
amlodipine besylate
A
antihypertensive, calcium channel blocker
3
Q
amoxicillin
A
antibiotic
4
Q
aripiprazole
A
antipsychotic
5
Q
atorvastatin
A
antilipemic, statin
6
Q
azithromycin
A
antibiotic
7
Q
celecoxib
A
anti-inflammatory
8
Q
cephalexin
A
antibiotic
9
Q
clopidogrel
A
antiplatelet
10
Q
donepezil
A
anti-Alzheimer’s
11
Q
duloxetine
A
antidepressant
12
Q
enoxaparin
A
anticoagulant
13
Q
escitalopram
A
antidepressant
14
Q
esomeprazole
A
anti-ulcer agent, proton-pump inhibitor
15
Q
fenofibrate
A
antilipemic
16
Q
fluticasone/salmeterol
A
antiasthma, glucocorticoid, bronchodilator
17
Q
furosemide
A
diuretic
18
Q
gabapentin
A
anticonvulsant
19
Q
hydrochlorothiazide
A
diuretic
20
Q
hydrocodone plus acetaminophen
A
opoid (narcartic) analgesic
21
Q
insulin
A
hypoglycemic
22
Q
levothyroxine
A
thyroid hormone
23
Q
lisinopril
A
antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor
24
Q
losartan
A
antihypertensive
25
memantine
anti-Alzheimer's
26
metformin
hypoglycemic
27
ethylphenidate
central nervous system stimulant
28
metoprolol succinate
antihypertensive, beta blocker
29
metoprolol tartrate
antihypertensive, beta blocker
30
motelukast
bronchodilator, leukotriene inhibitor
31
olanzapine
antipsychotic
32
omeprazole
anti-ulcer agent, proton-pump inhibitor
33
oxycodone
opioid (narcotic) analgesic
34
pioglitazone
hypoglycemic
35
ravastatin
antilipemic, statin
36
prednisone
glucocorticoid
37
regabalin
anticonvulsant
38
quetiapine
antipsychotic
39
simvastin
antilipemic, statin
40
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
antibiotic
41
tramadol
analgesic
42
valsartan
antihypertensive
43
warfarin
anticoagulant
44
zolpidem
sedative-hypnotic (for sleep)
45
amp
ampule
46
cap
capsule
47
cr
cream
48
elix
elixir
49
liq
liquid
50
lot
lotion
51
sup
suppository
52
syr
syrup
53
tab
tablet
54
ung
ointment
55
C
cup, Celsius
56
ds
double strength
57
g, gm
gram
58
gr
grain
59
gtt
drop
60
kg
kilogram
61
L
liter
62
lb
pound
63
mcg
microgram
64
mEq
milliequivalent
65
mg
milligram
66
mg/dL
milligrams per deciliter
67
oz
ounce
68
qt
quart
69
tbsp
tablespoon
70
tsp
teaspoon
71
ID
intradermally
72
IM
intramuscularly
73
inj
injject, injection
74
IV
intravenously
75
PO
by mouth, orally
76
PR
rectally
77
, rec
rectally
78
subcut
subcutaneously
79
top
topically
80
a
before
81
ac
before meals
82
ad lib
as desired
83
AM
morning
84
bid
twice a day
85
/c
with
86
d
daily, day
87
h, hr
hour
88
noct
night
89
pc
after meals
90
PM
evening, nighttime
91
PRN
whenever necessary
92
q
every
93
qam
every morning
94
q4h
every 4 hours
95
qid
four times per day
96
stat
immediately
97
ut dict
as directed
98
Agit
shake, stir
99
aq
water
100
ASA
aspirin
101
cmpd
compound
102
DAW
dispense as written
103
dil
dilute
104
disp
dispense
105
eq
equivalent
106
ext
extract
107
Fe
iron
108
gen
generic
109
H2O
water
110
K
potassium
111
MDI
metered-dose inhaler
112
med
medicine
113
MO
mineral oil
114
neb
nebulizer
115
NKA
no known allergies
116
NPO
nothing by mouth
117
N/V
nausea/vomiting
118
OTC
over-the-counter
119
O2
oxygen
120
nr
no refills
121
per
by means of, through
122
qs
sufficient amount
123
rept
repeat
124
rf
refill
125
rx
prescription, treatment
126
/s
without
127
sig
write on the label
128
susp
suspension
129
sx
symptoms
130
tinc
tincture
131
TO
telephone order
132
tx
treatment
133
VO
verbal order
134
analgesics
relieve pain; acetaminophen, hydrocodone
135
antacids/anti-ulcer
neutralize stomach acid; esomeprazole, calcium carbonate
136
antibiotics
kill bacteria; amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin
137
anticholinergics
reduce bronchospasm; ipatropium, dicyclomine
138
anticoagulants
delay blood clotting; warfarin, enoxaparin, heparin
139
anticonvulsants
prevent or control seizures; clonazepam, phenytoin, gabapentin
140
antidepressants
relieve depression; doxepin, fluoxetine, duloxetine, selegiline
141
antidiarrheals
reduce diarrhea; bismuth subsalicylate, loperamide
142
antiemetics
reduce nausea, vomiting; metoclopramide, ondansetron
143
antifungals
kill fungi; fluconazole, nystatin, miconazole
144
antihistamines
relieve allergies; diphenhydramine, certrizine, loratadine
145
antihypertensives
lower blood pressure; metoprolol, lisinopril, valsartan, clonidine
146
anti-inflammatories
reduce inflammation; ibuprofen, celecoxib, naproxen
147
antilipemics
lower cholesterol; atorvastatin, fenofibrate
148
antimigraine agents
relieve migraine headaches; topiramate, sumatriptan
149
anti-osteoporosis agents
improve bone density; alendronate, ibandronate, calcitonin
150
antipsychotics
control psychotic symptoms; quetiapine, haloperidol, risperidone
151
antipyretics
reduce fever; acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin
152
antispasmodics/muscle relaxants
reduce or prevent muscle spasms; cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol
153
antitussives/expectorants
control cough, promote elimination of mucus; dextromethorphan, codeine, guaifenesin
154
antivirals
kiss viruses; acyclovir, interferon, oseltamivir
155
anxiolytics
reduce anxiety; clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam
156
bronchodilators
relax airway muscles; albuterol, isoproterenol, theophylline
157
central nervous system stimulants
reduce hyperactivity; methylphenidate, modafinil
158
contraceptives
prevent pregnancy; medroxyprogesterone acetate, ethinyl estradiol
159
decongestants
relieve nasal congestion; pseudoephedrine, mometasone
160
diuretics
eliminate excess fluid; furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide
161
hormone replacement
stabilize hormone deficiences; lecothyroxine, insulin, desmopressin, estrogen
162
laxatives, stool softeners
promote bowel movements; magnesium hydroxide, bisacodyl
163
oral hypoglycemics
reduce blood glucose; metformin, acarbose, glyburide
164
sedative-hypnotics
induce sleep/relaxation; zolpidem, temazepam, eszopiclone
165
SCHEDULE 1 DRUG
substances with a high potential for abuse, not approved medical use in the United States (illegal); heroin, mescaline, LSD
166
SCHEDULE II DRUG
substances with a high potential for abuse, considered dangerous and can lead to dependence, providers must give a handwritten prescription with no refills; morphine, methadone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, methamphetamine
167
SCHEDULE III DRUG
substances with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence, providers can refill five times in 6 months; ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone
168
SCHEDULE IV DRUG
substances with a low potential for abuse, providers must sign a prescription, patients may refill five times in 6 months, staff members may authorize refills over the phone; diazepam, zolpidem, eszopiclone, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam
169
SCHEDULE V DRUG
substances that contain limited quantities of some narcotics, usually for antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic purposes, providers must sign prescriptions for these substances, patients may refill them five times in 6 months. Staff members may authorize refills over the phone
170
Definition of therapeutic effects (medication)
The good effects of the medications; the reason providers prescribe them
171
Definition of adverse effects (medication)
An unintended, harmful action of the medication, such as an allergic reaction
172
Definition of indications (medication)
The problems the provider prescribes a particular medication for
173
Definition of contraindications (medications)
A symptom or condition that makes a particular treatment or medication inadvisable or dangerous, usually an allergy. "Precautions" pose a lesser risk but still requires close observation
174
unit micro-
1/1,000,000; .000001 (thousandth of a thousandth)
175
unit milli-
1/1,000; .0001 (thousandth)
176
unit centi-
1/100; .01
177
unit kilo-
x1000;1,000
178
Enteral vs Parental medication
routes of entry; enteral is through GI tract, parenteral is outside the GI tract - usually injections
179
Which three injections (parental administrations) are a medical assistant allowed to administer?
INTRADERMAL (skin of the upper chest, forearms, upper back), INTRAMUSCULAR (deltoid, vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal muscles), SUBCUTANEOUS (under skin of abdomen, anterior thighs, upper outer arm, upper back)
180
What are the enteral routes of administrations?
Buccal (against the cheek); Oral (mouth, stomach, intestines); Sublingual (under the tongue)
181
Four actions of pharmacokinetics
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
182
Absorption process of pharmacokinetics; factors
Body converts medication into a form it can use - oral tablets absorbed in stomach/intestines, iv medication goes into bloodstream, etc
Process varies with route of absorption (IV faster than oral, liquids faster than tablets) how easily medication dissolves in fat (allows them to pass more readily through cell membranes) surface area available (intestines faster than stomach)
183
Distribution process of pharmacokinetics; barriers
Transportation of medication throughout the body; blood brain barrier protects the brain from chemicals, placental barrier in pregnant women
184
Metabolism process of pharmacokinetics; factors
Changes active form of medication into metabolites ready for excretion. Liver is primary organ, kidneys metabolize as well.
Age, # of medications, health of organs, genetic makeup, etc are all factors. Young adults metabolize fastest.
185
Excretion process of pharmacokinetics; pathways
Removal of a medication's metabolites from the body. Kidneys do most of this through urine. Feces, saliva, bile, sweat, etc also important
186
Half-life of medication
The time it takes for metabolism/excretion to eliminate half a dose of a medication
187
What are the original "five rights" of medication administration? What are the other "rights"
Right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time + right technique, right documentation
also can include right assessment (allergies, reactions), right to refuse, right reason, right to know (inform pt), right evaluation (observe a reaction)
