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CCMA > Module 3 - Pharmacology > Flashcards

Module 3 - Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

analgesics

A

relieve pain; acetaminophen, hydrocodone

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2
Q

antacids/anti-ulcer

A

neutralize stomach acid; esomeprazole, calcium carbonate

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3
Q

antibiotics

A

kill bacteria; amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin

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4
Q

anticholinergics

A

reduce bronchospasm; ipatropium, dicyclomine

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5
Q

anticoagulants

A

delay blood clotting; warfarin, enoxaparin, heparin

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6
Q

anticonvulsants

A

prevent or control seizures; clonazepam, phenytoin, gabapentin

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7
Q

antidepressants

A

relieve depression; doxepin, fluoxetine, duloxetine, selegiline

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8
Q

antidiarrheals

A

reduce diarrhea; bismuth subsalicylate, loperamide

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9
Q

antiemetics

A

reduce nausea, vomiting; metoclopramide, ondansetron

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10
Q

antifungals

A

kill fungi; fluconazole, nystatin, miconazole

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11
Q

antihistamines

A

relieve allergies; diphenhydramine, certrizine, loratadine

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12
Q

antihypertensives

A

lower blood pressure; metoprolol, lisinopril, valsartan, clonidine

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13
Q

anti-inflammatories

A

reduce inflammation; ibuprofen, celecoxib, naproxen

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14
Q

antilipemics

A

lower cholesterol; atorvastatin, fenofibrate

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15
Q

antimigraine agents

A

relieve migraine headaches; topiramate, sumatriptan

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16
Q

anti-osteoporosis agents

A

improve bone density; alendronate, ibandronate, calcitonin

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17
Q

antipsychotics

A

control psychotic symptoms; quetiapine, haloperidol, risperidone

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18
Q

antipyretics

A

reduce fever; acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin

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19
Q

antispasmodics/muscle relaxants

A

reduce or prevent muscle spasms; cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol

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20
Q

antitussives/expectorants

A

control cough, promote elimination of mucus; dextromethorphan, codeine, guaifenesin

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21
Q

antivirals

A

kill viruses; acyclovir, interferon, oseltamivir

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22
Q

anxiolytics

A

reduce anxiety; clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam

23
Q

bronchodilators

A

relax airway muscles; albuterol, isoproterenol, theophylline

24
Q

central nervous system stimulants

A

reduce hyperactivity; methylphenidate, modafinil

25
Q

contraceptives

A

prevent pregnancy; medroxyprogesterone acetate, ethinyl estradiol

26
Q

decongestants

A

relieve nasal congestion; pseudoephedrine, mometasone

27
Q

diuretics

A

eliminate excess fluid; furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide

28
Q

hormone replacement

A

stabilize hormone deficiences; lecothyroxine, insulin, desmopressin, estrogen

29
Q

laxatives, stool softeners

A

promote bowel movements; magnesium hydroxide, bisacodyl

30
Q

oral hypoglycemics

A

reduce blood glucose; metformin, acarbose, glyburide

31
Q

sedative-hypnotics

A

induce sleep/relaxation; zolpidem, temazepam, eszopiclone

32
Q

SCHEDULE 1 DRUG

A

substances with a high potential for abuse, not approved medical use in the United States (illegal); heroin, mescaline, LSD

33
Q

SCHEDULE II DRUG

A

substances with a high potential for abuse, considered dangerous and can lead to dependence, providers must give a handwritten prescription with no refills; morphine, methadone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, methamphetamine

34
Q

SCHEDULE III DRUG

A

substances with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence, providers can refill five times in 6 months; ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone

35
Q

SCHEDULE IV DRUG

A

substances with a low potential for abuse, providers must sign a prescription, patients may refill five times in 6 months, staff members may authorize refills over the phone; diazepam, zolpidem, eszopiclone, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam

36
Q

SCHEDULE V DRUG

A

substances that contain limited quantities of some narcotics, usually for antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic purposes, providers must sign prescriptions for these substances, patients may refill them five times in 6 months. Staff members may authorize refills over the phone

37
Q

Definition of therapeutic effects (medication)

A

The good effects of the medications; the reason providers prescribe them

38
Q

Definition of adverse effects (medication)

A

An unintended, harmful action of the medication, such as an allergic reaction

39
Q

Definition of indications (medication)

A

The problems the provider prescribes a particular medication for

40
Q

Definition of contraindications (medications)

A

A symptom or condition that makes a particular treatment or medication inadvisable or dangerous, usually an allergy. “Precautions” pose a lesser risk but still requires close observation

41
Q

unit micro-

A

1/1,000,000; .000001 (thousandth of a thousandth)

42
Q

unit milli-

A

1/1,000; .0001 (thousandth)

43
Q

unit centi-

A

1/100; .01

44
Q

unit kilo-

A

x1000;1,000

45
Q

Enteral vs Parental medication

A

routes of entry; enteral is through GI tract, parenteral is outside the GI tract - usually injections

46
Q

Which three injections (parental administrations) are a medical assistant allowed to administer?

A

INTRADERMAL (skin of the upper chest, forearms, upper back), INTRAMUSCULAR (deltoid, vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal muscles), SUBCUTANEOUS (under skin of abdomen, anterior thighs, upper outer arm, upper back)

47
Q

What are the enteral routes of administrations?

A

Buccal (against the cheek); Oral (mouth, stomach, intestines); Sublingual (under the tongue)

48
Q

Four actions of pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

49
Q

Absorption process of pharmacokinetics; factors

A

Body converts medication into a form it can use - oral tablets absorbed in stomach/intestines, iv medication goes into bloodstream, etc

Process varies with route of absorption (IV faster than oral, liquids faster than tablets) how easily medication dissolves in fat (allows them to pass more readily through cell membranes) surface area available (intestines faster than stomach)

50
Q

Distribution process of pharmacokinetics; barriers

A

Transportation of medication throughout the body; blood brain barrier protects the brain from chemicals, placental barrier in pregnant women

51
Q

Metabolism process of pharmacokinetics; factors

A

Changes active form of medication into metabolites ready for excretion. Liver is primary organ, kidneys metabolize as well.
Age, # of medications, health of organs, genetic makeup, etc are all factors. Young adults metabolize fastest.

52
Q

Excretion process of pharmacokinetics; pathways

A

Removal of a medication’s metabolites from the body. Kidneys do most of this through urine. Feces, saliva, bile, sweat, etc also important

53
Q

Half-life of medication

A

The time it takes for metabolism/excretion to eliminate half a dose of a medication

54
Q

What are the original “five rights” of medication administration? What are the other “rights”

A

Right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time + right technique, right documentation

also can include right assessment (allergies, reactions), right to refuse, right reason, right to know (inform pt), right evaluation (observe a reaction)

CCMA (18 decks)

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