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AACCH Honors (9) > Module 7 (Notes) > Flashcards

Module 7 (Notes) Flashcards

1
Q

History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict

A

.

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2
Q

Zionism

A

Goals: spiritual and political reneweal of the Jewish people in Palestine
- freedom from Western anti-semitism
- led by Theodore Herzl

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3
Q

3 Empires that had been dying from WWI

A
  • Ottoman
  • Russian
  • Austro-Hungarian
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4
Q

British promised to the Jews…

A

the Balfour Declaration
- “national home for the Jewish people”

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5
Q

Heart of the Matter =

A

The Land

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6
Q

Jewish & Arabs In Palestine

A
  • 1920: Jew/Arab = 1/10
  • 1947: Jew/Arab = 1/2
    Arabs felt that they were taking control of their country!
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7
Q

Describe the UN’s proposal of the Partition plan.

A
  • split the country to 2 States: Jewish and Arab state
  • Jews were ecstatic, but the Arabs rejected the proposal
  • Land = God + History
  • In 1948, there were 800,000 refugees from Israel, more from Palestine.
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8
Q

The 1967 Six Day War

A

Israelis attack fire and succeed in defeating Arab nations in just six days.

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9
Q

What were the retaliations by Palestines to Israelites?

A

bus bombings
- Israelis build physical walls to protect themselves from terrors by Arabs
- Golan heights: taken by Israelites on the Six Day War

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10
Q

What was the Global Catalysm in the 20th century?

A

World War II
- allies: USA, UK, Russia
- Axis: Japan, Germany

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11
Q

Describe: THE COLD WAR

A
  • divided into 3 major systems: USA, USSR, the third world (colonies ruled by Britain)
  • USA favored: Israel-Arab nation
  • Soviet Union: Arb Nations (Egypt, Syria)
  • Third World: Iran (democratic president attempted to take over the oil industry from british)
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12
Q

The main concern & importance of the Middle East is

A

OIL

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13
Q

Describe: THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION

A

Ayatollah Khomeini (Iran)
- was exiled, fomented the revolution, and in 1979 returned to Iran.

1979: Islamic Fundementalist Revolution in Iran
- Mattered to the US because: the Shah (who had fleed) was put by the US

The Islamic Revolution leads to:
- American Hostage Crisis
- Iran-Iraq War
- Soviet Union’s Invasion of Afghanistan

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14
Q

Describe: THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR

A

Saddam Hussein provokes.
1. Kholemi (Iran) stated that he would attack other countries.
2. Iraq is 60% shi’ite, but the government is Sunni, and Iraq feared Iran
3. Iraq wanted control of other countries

  • USA backs IRAQ, and Saddam Hussein.
  • Iraq and Iran’s economy becomes shambled.
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15
Q

Pyramid of the Iran-Iraq War

A

FIRST TO LAST: (CHRONOLOGICAL)

  • Soviet Union (Communist Nation, Atheism)
  • Afghanistan (Communist Government, Muslim People)
  • Soviet invades Afghanistan (1980)
  • considered a Jihad, a HOLY WAR
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16
Q

What is the Desert Shield?

A

500,000 US troops shipped to Saudi Arabia to protect them from Saddam Hussein in Persian Gulf War II. In the end, Iraq never attacks S. Arabia.

January 15th, 1991 -> Liberation of Kuwait has begun

Kuwait liberated, Saddam remained in power with 12 years of the UN in “cat and mouse.”

17
Q

Search for Peace (VIDEO)

A

.

18
Q

Who were the palestinian and Israelite leaders?

A

Arafat: Palestine
Rabin: Israel PM

19
Q

What was the significance of 1948 to Arab countries?

A

1948 shocked the Arab countries because Israel defeated the combined forces and made Palestine an individual state.

20
Q

What was the “festering wound” in the Middle East?

A

The refugee crisis that was created by the displacement of the Palestinians.

21
Q

Who established the PLO?

A

Gamel Abdel Nassar; President of Egypt
- his goal was to gain control of Palestinian land in Israel and venge victory

22
Q

Fatah

A

Fatah means “victory,” and was a resistance group created by an engineer from Israel.

23
Q

Black September

A

Black September is a radical faction/political group named after the month of the Arafats defeat in September. They were a big part of the shootout that killed many Israeli people between the Palestines and Israel.

24
Q

“Today I come bearing an olive branch and a freedom fighter’s gun. Do not let the olive branch fall from my hand. I repeat, do not let the olive branch fall from my hand.” Who said it? What does it mean?

A

Arafat. It means that he wants the people of Palestine to keep the country stable and keep the respect for the citizen, just as he had kept the country stable and respectable (from other countries) as the leader of the state.

25
Q

Entebbe episode

A

The Entebbe episode describes a plane carrying 248 passengers, which was hijacked. The hijackers had the stated objective to free 40 Palestinian and affiliated militants imprisoned in Israel, and 13 other prisoners in four other countries in exchange for the hostages. The hijackers released 47 passengers, all of which were non-Israelis. This was a tremendous victory for the Israelites, as they were able to re-gain all the Palestinians from the hijackers and rescue most of the militants.

26
Q

Who was Anwar Sadat? Why did Menachem Begin agree to meet with Sadat? How did Sadat open the door to make peace with Israel?

A

Anwar Sadat was the Egyptian President. Mechachem Begin agreed to meet with Sadat in order to discuss peace relations between Israel, and he opened the door to make peace by signing a peace treaty with Menachem Begin, further establishing peace and alliance.

27
Q

What happened to Anwar Sadat?

A

In 1981, Anwar Sadat was assasinated on October 6th, and during where the Egyptian army had crossed the Suez Canal and taken a part of the Sinai Peninsula from Israel at the beginning of the Yom Kippur War.

28
Q

What do Gazans call their land?

A

The Gazans call their land the “cursed and forgotten planet.”

29
Q

What was the ironic outcome of the “peace” rally held by Yitzhak Rabin?

A

Yitzhak Rabin, the PM of Israel, was leading the way for peace on the biggest day of his life, but he is assassinated on that day.

AACCH Honors (9) (14 decks)

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