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Dental Assisting > Module 7 Final > Flashcards

Module 7 Final Flashcards

0
Q

Usually a precipitation factor for cancer; appears as a white, leathery patch that cannot be identified as any other white lesion:

A

Leukoplakia

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1
Q

_____ is/are painful lesions appearing in the oral cavity that is/are sometimes referred to as canker sore(s).

A

Aphthous ulcers

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2
Q

Defined as the study of diseases that occurs in the oral cavity:

A

Oral pathology

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3
Q

_____ can be localized at a wound site, or can manifest in a person’s muscles or joints.

A

Tetanus

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4
Q

A _______ helps to bring about the inflammatory process by increasing the blood flow to the area involved, which in turn causes redness and heat.

A

Histamine

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5
Q

Any abnormal tissue appearing in the mouth:

A

Oral lesion

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6
Q

Which instrument can be used to measure oral lesions?

A

Periodontal probe

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7
Q

Using a VELscope, any suspicious tissue in the oral cavity will appear:

A

Dark

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8
Q

A biopsy is sent to the laboratory to be examined by the _____.

A

Pathologist

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9
Q

A common type of oral lesion found in the oral cavity that extends below the surface of the oral mucosa:

A

Ulcer

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10
Q

An example of a lesion that extends below the mucosal surfaces:

A

Cyst

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11
Q

A periapical abscess forms at the _____ of a tooth.

A

Apex

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12
Q

A bullae is a fluid-filled blister that is more than _____ in diameter.

A

One-half inch

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13
Q

A lesion that ranges in size from a pinhead to less than one-half inch in diameter is called a:

A

Papule

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14
Q

A lesion that resembles a blister but is filled with blood caused by a ruptured blood vessel:

A

Hematoma

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15
Q

A small lump of tissue, either firm or soft, and more than one-quarter inch in diameter:

A

Nodule

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16
Q

Repeated injury to an area in the oral cavity can result in a lesion called:

A

Granulomas

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17
Q

A chronic infection caused by an aerobic bacterium:

A

Actinomycosis

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18
Q

Effective treatment for tuberculosis has been available since the:

A

1940s

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19
Q

_____ is a form of herpes simplex virus type I (HSV I), which affects the body above the waist.

A

Herpes labialis

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20
Q

_____ is extremely painful, and occurs as a crusting ulceration on the fingers or the hands.

A

Herpetic whitlow

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21
Q

A term used to describe a disease that is normally seen in children from 6 months to about age 6:

A

Herpetic gingivostomatitis

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22
Q

Herpes simplex virus ____ can appear in the oral cavity, but usually affects the body below the waist.

A

Type II

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23
Q

_____ are known as canker sores, and are common ulcerations that can recur in the oral cavity.

A

Aphthous ulcers

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24
Q

Occurs when radiation is received for treatment of head and neck cancers! and affects the blood vessels, bones! and salivary glands:

A

Radiation mucositis

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25
Q

A term that means inflammation of the tongue:

A

Glossitis

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26
Q

A term used to describe any red patch of tissue in the oral cavity:

A

Erythoplakia

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27
Q

An inherited condition of the teeth in which there are defects in the formation of enamel:

A

Amelogenesis imperfecta

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28
Q

When the enamel appears bluish in color or opalescent, this condition is called:

A

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

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29
Q

Abnormally small teeth usually see in Down syndrome patients:

A

Microdontia

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30
Q

Anaerobic bacteria rely on oxygen in order to survive.

A

False

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31
Q

While he was working, one of Louis Pasteur’s bacterial cultures became contaminated with a patch of mold, leading to the accidental discovery of penicillin.

A

False

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32
Q

A spore cell might lie dormant and survey for weeks, even years, through drought, heat, chemicals, and even radiation.

A

True

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33
Q

A community of microorganisms is called a biofilm, and is implicated in many infections and sometimes found in the oral cavity.

A

True

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34
Q

Bacteria are the smallest microorganisms and viruses are the largest.

A

False

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35
Q

_____ is the branch of science concerned with the study of living organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye.

A

Microbiology

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36
Q

____ became the first known scientist to study microorganisms.

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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37
Q

In _____, Louis Pasteur successfully showed that life can be generated only from existing life of the same species.

A

1864

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38
Q

_____ was credited for developing the germ theory.

A

Robert Koch

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39
Q

In what year did Alexander Fleming turn a ruined culture into one of the greatest medical advances in history?

A

1928

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40
Q

The bubonic plague killed _____% of the population of Europe during the Middle Ages.

A

33

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41
Q

The major groups of microorganisms are algae, bacteria, fungi, Protozoa, rickettsiae, and _____.

A

Viruses

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42
Q

______ are small, unicellular microorganisms.

A

Bacteria

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43
Q

The most common bacteria shapes are the rod-like bacilli, spheres, and:

A

Corkscrew

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44
Q

What kind of bacteria is destroyed by contact with oxygen?

A

Anaerobic

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45
Q

What bacteria have the ability to adjust to particular circumstances, and can live without oxygen?

A

Facultative

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46
Q

What type of bacteria multiply well in dead tissue?

A

Anaerobes

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47
Q

_____ is a term used to denote groups that include yeast, molds! and mushrooms.

A

Fungus

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48
Q

Some fungal infections can become life threatening, especially in _____ people.

A

Older

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49
Q

_____ is a type of fungus known as ringworm.

A

Tinea corporis

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50
Q

Herpes simplex _____ is transmitted through sexual contact.

A

II

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51
Q

HIV destroys what type of T cell?

A

CD4

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52
Q

The most common types of hepatitis is:

A

A,B,C

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53
Q

Hepatitis _____ is found in feces of those infected with HIV.

A

A

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54
Q

Botulism and tetanus produce toxins that attack the_____ system.

A

Nervous

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55
Q

Botulism produces a toxin so potent that a single gram could kill _____ million people.

A

15

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56
Q

Dental plaque is also dental biofilm, which is a complex community of several varieties of bacteria that can reach a thickness of _____ cells on the surface of the teeth.

A

300-500

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57
Q

Bloodborne pathogens are organisms transferred through blood or body fluids that cause infectious disease.

A

True

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58
Q

The three main types of infections that can occur in the chain of infection are acute, chronic and opportunistic.

A

False

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59
Q

There are four stages of infection; incubation, prodromal, acute, and convalescent.

A

True

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60
Q

Droplet contamination can occur from the use of the HVE, even when used properly.

A

True

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61
Q

The dental assistant may decline to receive the hepatitis B vaccine

A

True

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62
Q

To assist in control of disease transmission from dental personnel to community, it is recommended that the dental professional change from her work clothes into street clothes before leaving the office

A

True

63
Q

_____ transmission is a method where diseases are transmitted from splash or splatter to the mucosa, or non-intact skin

A

Droplet

64
Q

_____ immunity is sometimes called adaptive immunity, and is artificially acquired immunity from immunizations

A

Active

65
Q

Disease-causing microorganism are:

A

Pathogens

66
Q

The basic microorganisms are:

A

All of the above

67
Q

The common cold is an example of a/n:

A

Acute viral infection

68
Q

_____ infections “hangs on,” but the symptoms come and go.

A

Latent

69
Q

The ______ is the body’s defense against invasion of infectious organisms.

A

Immune system

70
Q

The hepatitis _____ series is recommended by CDC for all dental health care workers.

A

B

71
Q

_____ provides infection control guidelines specifically for dental health care workers

A

The CDC

72
Q

Failure to follow _____ regulations can result in fines or closures

A

OSHA

73
Q

Which category of the exposure control plan is for individuals such as the accountant?

A

Category 3

74
Q

______ is/are procedures used to prevent the spread of infection from surfaces and instruments.

A

Environmental controls

75
Q

After the occurrence of an exposure incident, when should am evaluation of policies and the failure of the control methods be completed?

A

At the time the incident occur

76
Q

All written policies on exposure incidents should be consistent with _____ regulations regarding exposure management.

A

State and federal

77
Q

Which organization mandates specific work practices be in place to prevent exposures from occurring?

A

OSHA

78
Q

_____ disinfectant is a tuberculocidal that kills most but not all bacterial spores.

A

High level

79
Q

The universal technique for cleaning and disinfecting surface areas is the:

A

Spray, wipe, spray technique

80
Q

______ is a poor surface disinfectant because it can take 10-90 minutes to disinfect.

A

Glutaraldehyde

81
Q

A mask should be replaced

A

With every patient

82
Q

Gross decay is decay that develops quickly and spreads rampantly throughout the mouth.

A

False

83
Q

Dental caries is the most common chronic diseases in children.

A

True

84
Q

Dried fruit is a great snack alternative in caries prevention.

A

False

85
Q

The portion of the tooth that makes up the majority of the toothy structure:

A

Dentin

86
Q

The primary layer of biofilm is composed of a layer called:

A

Pellicle

87
Q

Demineralization causes a loss of _____ from the hydroxyapatite crystallites in the enamel.

A

Calcium and phosphate

88
Q

Arrested carious lesions are often ______ in color.

A

All of the above

89
Q

Multiple carious lesions present in the mouth would be categorized as:

A

Rampant caries

90
Q

Which of the following electrolytes are found in saliva, and aid in the chemical protection process?

A

Phosphate and calcium

91
Q

Which dental instrument is used to detect surface caries?

A

Explorer

92
Q

Radiographs are used to detect ______ caries.

A

Interproximal

93
Q

______ is an antibacterial mouth rinse used to help prevent oral infections.

A

Chlorhexidine

94
Q

Which of the following is not a fermentable carbohydrate?

A

Cheese

95
Q

The caries risk text is most often utilized in:

A

Public dental programs

96
Q

Which of the following would be considered the least cariogenic?

A

Cheese

97
Q

Dentin contains ______ amounts of calcium and _____ amounts of water as enamel.

A

Less; more

98
Q

______ is the name of the sticky, tooth-colored material composed almost completely of bacteria

A

Plaque

99
Q

Which of the following is not one of the he characteristics of pellicle?

A

Strengthens cementum

100
Q

Remineralization will occur when ______ are redeposited in the demineralized area

A

Calcium and phosphate

101
Q

The type of caries most prevalent in the geriatric population is:

A

Root surface

102
Q

The type of caries found around the margins of an existing restoration is:

A

Recurrent

103
Q

Indicator dyes are utilized to:

A

Stain caries

104
Q

Which bacteria would be involved in the formation of an incipient carious lesion?

A

Mutans streptococci

105
Q

Which of the following is the correct order for hardness of the different tooth structures ?

A

Enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp

106
Q

Which of the following is the correct order for plaque formation?

A

Pellicle, mutans streptococci, loctobacilli, other microorganisms

107
Q

Meth-mouth closely resembles:

A

Baby bottle mouth caries

108
Q

Saliva has a ______ capacity that reduces the potential for acid formation.

A

Buffering

109
Q

The most accepted means of caries detection is:

A

Explorer

110
Q

_____ can be utilized to identify dentinal caries.

A

Indicator dyes

111
Q

OSHA stands for Occupational Safety and Hazard Association

A

False

112
Q

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration promotes and enforces workplace standards designed to protect the health and safety of workers

A

True

113
Q

PPE stands for personal protection equipment

A

False

114
Q

Official standards set forth by governmental agencies such as licensing boards are:

A

Regulations

115
Q

One standard set forth by the OSHA is the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. This standard is designed to:

A

Prevent disease transmission

116
Q

Items such as sterilizers, biological and chemical indicators, ultrasonic cleaners, and dental units must be approved by the:

A

FDA

117
Q

The national institute for Occupational Safety and Health is a component of:

A

CDC

118
Q

Chemicals used in dentistry can be hazardous because they are highly reactive, toxic, carcinogenic, contaminated, combustible, or:

A

Degraded

119
Q

Chemical degradation can be caused by exposure to heat, cold, or light; storage of the chemical beyond it’s expected shelf life; or:

A

Moistur

120
Q

Items such as paper towels, plastic cups, patient bibs, and disinfectant wipes are considered to be ______, which is _____.

A

General waste, unregulated

121
Q

Human body fluids such as semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluids amniotic fluids, and saliva in dental procedures are considered to be:

A

Infectious waste

122
Q

Standards are designed to:

A

Promote the use of safe procedures

123
Q

The _____ studies the safety, efficacy and promotional claims for dental materials and products

A

ADA council on scientific affairs

124
Q

Chemicals can enter the body through ingestion; contact with the skin or mucous membrane; and:

A

Inhalation

125
Q

Pathological waste includes:

A

Extracted teeth or tissue

126
Q

Which of the following states does not have a federally approved OSHA program?

A

Ohio

127
Q

Dental offices that fail to comply with safety regulations are subject to enforcement by such means as fines, license suspension, license revocation, and:

A

Imprisonment

128
Q

Should a patient be consistently exposed to naturally occurring bacteria, she could become

A

Resistant to bacteria

129
Q

The level of microbes in water coming out of an unmodified dental unit is almost always:

A

Higher than in drinking water

130
Q

Dental water line water quality was first initiated in:

A

1965

131
Q

The federal safe drinking water act deems _______ CFUs by year 2000.

A

500

132
Q

What role does dental unit water line biofilm play in the microbial contamination of dental unit water?

A

Biofilm sheds bacteria into the water, causing increased levels of bacteria in the outgoing water

133
Q

Bacteria benefit by capturing ________ from the water! which secondary bacteria begins to colonize.

A

Nutrients

134
Q

The primary source of microorganisms in dental water lines is:

A

The city water supply

135
Q

Dental personnel who are continuously exposed to bacterial aerosols through high-speed hand pieces and ultrasonic units have ______ levels of certain bacterial antibodies than does the general public.

A

Higher

136
Q

Biofilm formation in dental unit water lines is dependent on the following characteristics of water flow:

A

Laminar and low rate flow, low volume use, and small diameter tubes

137
Q

Standard precautions for dental treatment set by the ADA, CDC, and OSAP include:

A

Using an HVE, flushing lines 30 seconds between patients, and installing anti-retraction valves.

138
Q

The bacteria within the dental unit water lines depend on ______ from the water for growth and reproduction.

A

Nutrients

139
Q

In the dental office, the level of bacteria-contaminated water lines cannot be reduced by utilizing:

A

Brit water filters

140
Q

A dental product that is categorized as being potentially combustible should not be stored near:

A

Heat

141
Q

A blue diamond-shaped symbol on the NFPA labeling system denotes a ______ hazard.

A

Biohazard

142
Q

When maintaining a Hazard Communication Program, employers must provide:

A

All of the above

143
Q

The agency that regulates waste from the point of generation to the point of final disposal is:

A

EPA

144
Q

OSHA seeks to protect _____, the FDA works to protect _____, and the EPA acts to protect ______.

A

Employees, general public, the environment

145
Q

The agency responsible for making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illnesses is:

A

NIOSH

146
Q

Chemicals that contain infectious microorganisms and can spread disease are considered to be:

A

Contaminated

147
Q

Biofilm is found in almost all places where moisture meets a suitable solid surface, and can contain many types of bacteria as well as fungi, algae, and Protozoa.

A

True

148
Q

Monitoring of dental water lines can be accomplished only by sending water samples to an outside microbiology lab.

A

False

149
Q

Heaters placed on dental units to allow for warm/hot water for patient comfort promote a more rapid growth of bacteria in the water lines.

A

True

150
Q

A main concern of the bacteria in dental water lines is exposing patients to:

A

High concentrations of bacteria

151
Q

The ADA recommends that dentists follow the infection control guidelines for biofilm reduction in dental unit water lines provided by the:

A

CDC

152
Q

Methods to improve dental unit water quality include:

A

Improving the quality of the incoming water and controlling biofilm.

153
Q

How often should the dental assistant replace dental unit water line filters that are installed to the unit?

A

Periodically, depending on the amount of biofilm in the line.

154
Q

High speed handpiece, air/water syringe, and ultrasonic unit should all be flushed for______ seconds after each patient to purge all air and water.

A

20-30

155
Q

The dental assistant can go to any dental manufacturer for education and _______ on the use and maintenance of their systems.

A

Training

156
Q

_______agents should be stored in closed containers in a segregated area

A

Caustic

Dental Assisting (13 decks)

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