Module 7

Question 1

articulation

Answer 1

the point of contact between bone, bone and cartilage, or bone and teeth

Question 2

what is structural classification based on

Answer 2

presence or absence of a synovial cavity and the type of CT

Question 3

what are the 3 types of structural classifications

Answer 3

synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous

Question 4

what is functional classification based on

Answer 4

the degree pf movement permitted, from none to freely moveable

Question 5

synarthroses

Answer 5

immovable

skull bones

Question 6

amphiarthroses

Answer 6

partially moveable

intervertebral discs, pelvis

Question 7

diarthroses

Answer 7

fully moveable

hip joint

Question 8

what are the 3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 8

sutures
syndesmoses
gomphoses

Question 9

suture joints

Answer 9

fibrous joint
composed of a thin layer of dense fibrous CT
unites skull bones

Question 10

syndesmoses joints

Answer 10

fibrous joint
more fibrous CT than in a suture joint
has an intraosseous membrane
between ulna and radius

Question 11

intraosseous membrane

Answer 11

a sheet of dense irregular CT joining 2 long bones

Question 12

gomphosis joint

Answer 12

a narrow fibrous joint between the roots of the teeth and the bony socket in the jaw into which the tooth fits

Question 13

what are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 13

synchondroses
symphyses

Question 14

synchondroses joint

Answer 14

cartilaginous joint
the connecting material is hyaline cartilage

Question 15

symphyses joint

Answer 15

cartilaginous joint
the connecting material is a disc of fibrocartilage

ex. intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

Question 16

synovial joint

Answer 16

diarthrosis (freely moving)
has a synovial joint cavity between the articulating bones

Question 17

what covers the bones at synovial joints

Answer 17

articulating cartilage
reduces friction during movement
helps to absorb shock

Question 18

articular capsule

Answer 18

surrounds the diarthrosis
encloses the synovial cavity
unites the articulating bones

Question 19

what is the articulating capsule composed of

Answer 19

2 layers
the outer fibrous capsule that may contain ligaments
inner synovial membrane that secretes a lubricating and joint-nourishing synovial fluid

Question 20

what type of movements are allowed in synovial joints

Answer 20

gliding
angular
rotation
special movements

Question 21

elevation

Answer 21

upward movement

Question 22

depression

Answer 22

downward movement

Question 23

protraction

Answer 23

movement anteriorly in the transverse plane

Question 24

retraction

Answer 24

movement of protracted part back to anatomical position

Question 25

inversion

Answer 25

movement of soles medially at the intertarsal joints so they face each other

Question 26

eversion

Answer 26

movement of soles laterally at the intertarsal joints facing away

Question 27

dorsiflexion

Answer 27

bending of foot at ankle in direction of superior surface

Question 28

plantar flexion

Answer 28

bendingn of foot at ankle in direction of plantar surface

Question 29

pronation

Answer 29

movement of forearm at proximal and distal radioulnar joints in which the distal end of the radius crosses over the distal end of the ulna, and the palm is turned posteriorly or inferiorly

Question 30

circumduction

Answer 30

shoulder flexion, abduction, extension, aduction

Question 31

what are the 6 subtypes of synovial joints

Answer 31

planar hinge pivot ellipsoidal saddle ball and socket

Question 32

planar joints

Answer 32

mainly side to side and back and forth

Question 33

hinge joints

Answer 33

convex surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of another bone

Question 34

pivot joint

Answer 34

a round or pointed surface of one bone fits into a ring formed by another bone and a ligament

Question 35

ellipsoidal joint

Answer 35

an oval-shaped condyle of one bone fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone

Question 36

saddle joint

Answer 36

includes one bone whose articular surface is saddle-shaped and another bone whose articular surface is shaped like a rider sitting in a saddle

Question 37

ball and socket joint

Answer 37

the ball shaped surface of one bone fits into the cup like depression of another

Question 38

supination

Answer 38

movement of the forearm at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints in which the palm is turned anteriorly or superiorly