Module 6 - Respiratory System Flashcards
What is included in the upper respiratory system?
Nose, pharynx, and associated structures
What is in the lower respiratory system?
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
What is the difference between internal and external respiration?
Internal is is gas exchange between blood and systemic capillaries with tissues
External is between air spaces of lungs Alvioli and blood
what is the external portion of the nose made of ?
cartilage and skin. its lined with mucous membrane.
what are the components of the internal nose?
internal nares, four paranasal sinuses ( frontal, sphenoidal, maxillary,ethmoidal) nasolacrimal ducts.
what are the three basic functions of the nose?
filtering warming and moistening air. smelling, and modifying bibrations of speech sounds.
what are the three bones called that air passes over as it enters the nose?
nasal Conchae. Superior middle and inferior.
where does the pharynx start?
funnel shaped tube starts at the internal nares
what does the pharnx do?
passage way for food and air, holds tonsils, resinants sound
what are the three regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, larygopharynx
what is another name for the larynx?
voice box?
what is the structure of the larynx?
cartilage and mucous membrane
what structures are in the larynx?
Thyroid cartilage (Adams apple), Epiglottis, cricoid cartilage, artyenoid cartilages . vocal folds ( true vocal chords)
explain the false and true vocal chords.
upper are the false vocal cords and lower are the true vocal cords.
what do the false vocal cords do
hold your breath in the thoracic cavity when you strain to lift something. they do not produce sound
what do the true vocal cords do>
produce sound during speaking and singing. elastic ligaments stretched between rigid cartilage.
is the trachea anterior or posterior to the esophagus>
anterior
where does the trachea extend to
larynx to T5
what types of cells make up the trachea>
mucous membrane supported by cartilage rings. membrane made of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. ciliated columnar cells, goblet cells and basal cells. Cilia move mucus and particles up
what happens at the two primary bronchi?
pulmonary blood vesels,lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs with them
how many lobes does each lung have?
the right has 3 the left has 2
what are some major changes as the bronchi branches get lower in the bronchi tree?
mucous membrane changes to ciliated simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells in larger bronchioles, then ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium with no goblet cells in smaller bronchioles.
cartilage rings disapear
smooth muscle increases.
explain the structure that surrounds the lungs
its called pleura, parietal pleura is the outer layer attached to the thoracic cavity, the viseral pleura surrounds the lung the inner layer, there is a space inbetween them called pleural cavity, filled with lubricating fluid.
what does each lobule of the lung have to support it?
lumphatic vessel, an arteriole, a venule, and a branch from a terminal bhonchiole wrapped in elastic connective tissue.
