Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy And physiology > Module 6 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Module 6 - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the upper respiratory system?

A

Nose, pharynx, and associated structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is in the lower respiratory system?

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between internal and external respiration?

A

Internal is is gas exchange between blood and systemic capillaries with tissues

External is between air spaces of lungs Alvioli and blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the external portion of the nose made of ?

A

cartilage and skin. its lined with mucous membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the components of the internal nose?

A

internal nares, four paranasal sinuses ( frontal, sphenoidal, maxillary,ethmoidal) nasolacrimal ducts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the three basic functions of the nose?

A

filtering warming and moistening air. smelling, and modifying bibrations of speech sounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the three bones called that air passes over as it enters the nose?

A

nasal Conchae. Superior middle and inferior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does the pharynx start?

A

funnel shaped tube starts at the internal nares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the pharnx do?

A

passage way for food and air, holds tonsils, resinants sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the three regions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, larygopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is another name for the larynx?

A

voice box?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the structure of the larynx?

A

cartilage and mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what structures are in the larynx?

A

Thyroid cartilage (Adams apple), Epiglottis, cricoid cartilage, artyenoid cartilages . vocal folds ( true vocal chords)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

explain the false and true vocal chords.

A

upper are the false vocal cords and lower are the true vocal cords.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do the false vocal cords do

A

hold your breath in the thoracic cavity when you strain to lift something. they do not produce sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do the true vocal cords do>

A

produce sound during speaking and singing. elastic ligaments stretched between rigid cartilage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is the trachea anterior or posterior to the esophagus>

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where does the trachea extend to

A

larynx to T5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what types of cells make up the trachea>

A

mucous membrane supported by cartilage rings. membrane made of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. ciliated columnar cells, goblet cells and basal cells. Cilia move mucus and particles up

20
Q

what happens at the two primary bronchi?

A

pulmonary blood vesels,lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs with them

21
Q

how many lobes does each lung have?

A

the right has 3 the left has 2

22
Q

what are some major changes as the bronchi branches get lower in the bronchi tree?

A

mucous membrane changes to ciliated simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells in larger bronchioles, then ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium with no goblet cells in smaller bronchioles.
cartilage rings disapear
smooth muscle increases.

23
Q

explain the structure that surrounds the lungs

A

its called pleura, parietal pleura is the outer layer attached to the thoracic cavity, the viseral pleura surrounds the lung the inner layer, there is a space inbetween them called pleural cavity, filled with lubricating fluid.

24
Q

what does each lobule of the lung have to support it?

A

lumphatic vessel, an arteriole, a venule, and a branch from a terminal bhonchiole wrapped in elastic connective tissue.

25
Q

what cells make alviolar cells?

A

simple squamous epithelial cells

26
Q

what type of cells secrete alveolar fluid?

A

surfactant secreating cells

27
Q

what is surfactant made of>

A

phospholipids and lipoproteins

28
Q

explain the respiratory membrane layeers

A

1- outer layer of alveolar cells that form the wall of the alveolus
2-Epithelial basement membrane underlying the alveolar cells
3-Capillary basement membrane (fused to epithelial)
4-Endothelial cells of capilary wall.

29
Q

what muscles are used for quiet inhalation

A

diaphragm and external intercostals

30
Q

what muscles are used for forced inspiration?

A

pectoralis, sternocloidomastoid, scalene.

31
Q

explain exhalation

A

passive process due to elastic recoil.

32
Q

define tidal volume

A

the volume of one breath avg 500ml

33
Q

what is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

additional inhaled air by taking a large breath

34
Q

what is expiratory reserve volume?

A

additional exhaled air by forceful exhalation

35
Q

what is residual volume?

A

it is the amount of air that is left after forced expiration.

36
Q

What is inspiratory capacity?

A

sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume

37
Q

what is functional residual?

A

sum of residual volume and expiratory reserve volume.

38
Q

what is vital capacity?

A

sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume.

39
Q

what is total lung capacity?

A

sum of vital capacity and residual volume.

40
Q

what is Eupnea?

A

Normal variation of breathing rate and depth

41
Q

what is costal breathing?

A

shallow chest breathing. upward and outward movement due to contraction of the external intercostal muscles.

42
Q

what is diaphragmatic breathing?

A

Outward movement of abdomen due to contraction and descent of the diaphragm

43
Q

howdo partial pressures and gases work? gas laws?

A

a partial pressure of gas moves from high to low of that gas.

44
Q

what is external Respiration?

A

also termed oulmonary gas exchange. diffusion of 02 from air in the alveoli of the lungs to blood in pulmonary capillaries from the diffusion of C02 in the Opposite direction.converts deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood

45
Q

what is internal respiration?

A

the exchange of 02 and C02 between systemic capillaries and tissue called in called internal respiration or systemic gas exchange.

46
Q

what 3 conditions best suite easy oxygen release from hemoglobin

A

increased C02, decreased PH ( acidic enviroment), Increased Temp

47
Q

what 3 ways does Carbon Dioxide travel the body…

A

Disolved, bound to amino acids and as Bicarbonate

Anatomy And physiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions