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TM129: Networking > Module 6: Network design and the access layer > Flashcards

Module 6: Network design and the access layer Flashcards

1
Q

this includes:

  1. preamble
  2. Start Frame Delimiter (SFD)
  3. destination MAC address
  4. source MAC address
  5. type / length
  6. data
  7. Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
A

what 7 components make up the

ethernet frame format

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2
Q

The ethernet standard defines a minimum and maximum frame size of which the preamble and start frame delimiter (SFD) are not included

If the ethernet frame does not lie within the minimum and maximum boundaries then the frame will be discarded

A

how is the

ethernet frame size determined

and what actions take place if these ae not followed

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3
Q

this is an area of a network that a single ethernet broadcast frame will be flooded to.

Routers do not forward ethernet broadcasts and so this will usually be the boundary of this

A

what is a

broadcast domain

and what defines the boundarys

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4
Q

in 3 steps describe the steps involved when a host uses the

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

A
  1. The sending host creates and sends a frame addressed to a broadcast MAC address. Contained in the frame is a message with the IPv4 address of the intended destination host.
  2. Each host on the network receives the broadcast frame and compares the IPv4 address inside the message with its configured IPv4 address. The host with the matching IPv4 address sends its MAC address back to the original sending host.
  3. The sending host receives the message and stores the MAC address and IPv4 address information in a table called an ARP table.
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5
Q

this has a:

minimum size of: 64 Bytes

maximum size of: 1518 Bytes

A

what is the

minimum and maximum size of an ethernet frame

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6
Q

this is a table that contains MAC addresses corresponsing to an IP address

devices such as P.Cs and routers will have one of these stored

A

what is an

ARP table

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7
Q

it does this by inspecting the source MAC address of the ethernet frame. if it does not exists in its MAC address table then it will add it to the associated port the frame entered the switch

A

how does a switch learn about new MAC addresses

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8
Q

this layer will:

contain network devices such as:

  1. switches
  2. routers

This is the backbone of the network and will provide high speed and redundant connections between the distribution layer devices it is also the last layer of the hierarchical design and any traffic that is bound for the internet will pass through here

A

describe the

core layer

of the hierarchical layer network design

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9
Q

the values for this are a:

minimum of: 46 Bytes

maximum of: 1500 Bytes

A

what is the

minumum and maximum size of the data that can be encapsulated within an ethernet frame

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10
Q

this part of the frame tells the receiving Network Interface Card (NIC) that it is about to start receiving the data concerned with the ethernet frame

A

what is the

Start Frame Delimiter (SFD)

of the ethernet frame

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11
Q

this is an ethernet broadcast message that is sent out by a host when it knows the destination IP address but does not know the destination MAC address of a host

A

what is an

ARP request

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12
Q

describe the

access layer

of the hierarchical layer network design

A

this layer will:

contain host devices such as:

  1. P.Cs
  2. servers
  3. access points
  4. switches

the devices will be separated into networks if any traffic must leave the network then it will travel up to the next layer of the design; the distribution layer

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13
Q

this is an ethernet frame that has a destination address of

FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

That is 48 bits all set to 1

A

what is an

ethernet broadast message

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14
Q

what is the

Source mac address

of the ethernet frame

A

this is the MAC address of the sender of the ethernet frame

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15
Q

what is the

minumum and maximum size of the data that can be encapsulated within an ethernet frame

A

the values for this are a:

minimum of: 46 Bytes

maximum of: 1500 Bytes

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16
Q

what is the

Frame check sequence

of the ethernet frame

A

this is here for error checking and ensuring that the frame was delivered correctly

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17
Q

if an IP packet must travel to a new network what happens to the ethernet frame

A

when this situation occurs the IP packet will reach a router at which point it will discard the ethernet frame and create a new ethernet frame with

  1. the source address as its own mac address
  2. the destination address as the host MAC address that matches the IP address (if applicable and using its ARP table)
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18
Q

a switch builds this so that hosts can communicate on a dedicated channel, where all of the bandwidth on that channel is reserved for the two hosts

A

describe the

circuit

that a switch builds

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19
Q

what is an

ARP reply

A

this is a message sent in response to a ARP request when the host has a matching IP address of the one within the ARP request

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20
Q

how is the

ethernet frame size determined

and what actions take place if these ae not followed

A

The ethernet standard defines a minimum and maximum frame size of which the preamble and start frame delimiter (SFD) are not included

If the ethernet frame does not lie within the minimum and maximum boundaries then the frame will be discarded

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21
Q

what is the

Destination mac address

of the ethernet frame

A

this is the MAC address of the Network Interface Card (NIC) receiving the frame

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22
Q

this is the MAC address of the Network Interface Card (NIC) receiving the frame

A

what is the

Destination mac address

of the ethernet frame

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23
Q

this part of the ethernet frame will give detail of either the type of data inside the data field (I.e IPv4 or IPv6) or it will tell you the length of the data within the data field

A

what is the

Type / length

of the ethernet frame

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24
Q

a host may need to use this if it was aware of the destination host IP address but did not know there MAC address

A

why might a host need to use the

IPv4 Address resolution protocol (ARP)

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25
Q
  1. The switch begins with a table of its ports with no mac addresses associated with the ports
  2. Host 1 sends a message to host 2 via the switch
  3. The switch receives the ethernet frame and looks at the source mac address
  4. The switch puts host 1 mac address into the table for the associated port the frame was received on
  5. The switch looks at the destination mac address
  6. Since the switch does not have this in its mac address table it uses a process known as flooding which sends the frame out of every port except the port it was received on
  7. All hosts NICS that do not match the destination mac address drop the frame and the host NIC that does match reads the rest of the frame and replies to host 1 via the switch
  8. The switch can now learn host 2 mac address using the reply frame
A

in 8 steps describe how a switch

populates its MAC address table

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26
Q

describe the

circuit

that a switch builds

A

a switch builds this so that hosts can communicate on a dedicated channel, where all of the bandwidth on that channel is reserved for the two hosts

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27
Q

this is a process that network devices use:

it involves sending a frame or packet out of every port except the one it received it on

this may be used in situations where not enough information is known to decide the correct destination for the said frame or packet

A

what is

flooding

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28
Q

this is a protocol that allows hosts to discover the MAC addresses of other hosts on the network

A

what is

Address resolution protocol (ARP)

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29
Q

how does the ethernet protocol handle

encoding

A

the ethernet protocol defines how the bits will be encoded onto the network media such as using electrical impulses over copper cable or light pulses over fibre optic

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30
Q

what is the

Start Frame Delimiter (SFD)

of the ethernet frame

A

this part of the frame tells the receiving Network Interface Card (NIC) that it is about to start receiving the data concerned with the ethernet frame

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31
Q

what 3 things does a

switch

allow

A

this network device:

  1. allows multipe hosts to be connected together
  2. can direct traffic to its correct destination by making use of a self built MAC address table
  3. can handle multiple conversations at a time by building temporary circuits
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32
Q

this is where packets from the layers above are encapsulated

(ETHERNET(IP(TCP)))

A

what is the

data

of the ethernet frame

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33
Q

what type of data are you

most likely going to find encapsulated within an ethernet frame

A

since the ethernet protocol is a layer 2 (data link) protocol the encapsulated data will most likely be a IPv4 or IPv6 packet since the IP is a layer above at layer 3 (network)

34
Q

what action does a switch take when it receives an ethernet broadcast message

A

When a switch receives this ethernet broadcast frame it will recognises the destination address as being a broadcast message and forwards the frame out of every port

35
Q

this network device:

  1. allows multipe hosts to be connected together
  2. can direct traffic to its correct destination by making use of a self built MAC address table
  3. can handle multiple conversations at a time by building temporary circuits
A

what 3 things does a

switch

allow

36
Q

name 3 benefits that can be gained by implementing a

hierarchical layered network design

A

this includes:

  1. Increased efficiency - network traffic is separated into smaller networks where traffic only leaves the network if it is bound to
  2. Increased speed - less congestion and strategically placed network devices increases the overall speed of the network
  3. Scalability - this network design scales well since the addition of new devices or networks can be implemented without impacting the performance of the current network
37
Q

this is the MAC address of the sender of the ethernet frame

A

what is the

Source mac address

of the ethernet frame

38
Q

what 7 components make up the

ethernet frame format

A

this includes:

  1. preamble
  2. Start Frame Delimiter (SFD)
  3. destination MAC address
  4. source MAC address
  5. type / length
  6. data
  7. Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
39
Q

what are the 3 layers of the

hierarchical layer design

A

this includes:

  1. access layer
  2. distribution layer
  3. core layer
40
Q

a host may send this because:

  1. it does not know which of the other hosts can supply it the information it needs (i.e: i have an ip address, i want to know who owns it)
  2. it would like to send a message to every host on the network in an efficient and timely manner (i.e: hi ive just joined the network my name is AA:AA:AA:AA)
A

name 2 reasons why a host may transmit a

broadcast message

41
Q

the ethernet protocol defines how the bits will be encoded onto the network media such as using electrical impulses over copper cable or light pulses over fibre optic

A

how does the ethernet protocol handle

encoding

42
Q

this layer will:

contain host devices such as:

  1. P.Cs
  2. servers
  3. access points
  4. switches

the devices will be separated into networks if any traffic must leave the network then it will travel up to the next layer of the design; the distribution layer

A

describe the

access layer

of the hierarchical layer network design

43
Q

why might a host need to use the

IPv4 Address resolution protocol (ARP)

A

a host may need to use this if it was aware of the destination host IP address but did not know there MAC address

44
Q

what is

flooding

A

this is a process that network devices use:

it involves sending a frame or packet out of every port except the one it received it on

this may be used in situations where not enough information is known to decide the correct destination for the said frame or packet

45
Q

this includes principles such as:

  1. Frame format
  2. Frame size
  3. Encoding
  4. encapsulation
A

name 4 principles that the

ethernet protocol

includes in its standard

46
Q

what is an

ARP table

A

this is a table that contains MAC addresses corresponsing to an IP address

devices such as P.Cs and routers will have one of these stored

47
Q

if a switch does not have the destination MAC address in its mac address table

how does it go about getting the frame to its correct destination?

A

when this situation occurs the switch will flood the frame out of every port except the one it received it on

48
Q

name 3 drawbacks of a

poorly designed network

A

this includes:

  1. Congestion - due to too much traffic from end users, servers or even protocols such as ethernet broadcasts
  2. Security - by allowing mission critical devices to share network bandwidth with other devices there is a vulnerability
  3. Data corruption - again by allowing devices to share the network bandwidth there is potential for data to be mismanaged and corrupted
49
Q

this layer will:

contain network devices such as:

  1. switches
  2. routers

this layer is concerned with interconnecting the smaller networks that reside in the access layer providing a way for the different networks within the access layer to communicate with each other and the internet

A

describe the

distribution layer

of the hierarchical layer network design

50
Q

what is the

minimum and maximum size of an ethernet frame

A

this has a:

minimum size of: 64 Bytes

maximum size of: 1518 Bytes

51
Q

this is here for error checking and ensuring that the frame was delivered correctly

A

what is the

Frame check sequence

of the ethernet frame

52
Q

what is a

broadcast domain

and what defines the boundarys

A

this is an area of a network that a single ethernet broadcast frame will be flooded to.

Routers do not forward ethernet broadcasts and so this will usually be the boundary of this

53
Q

name 4 principles that the

ethernet protocol

includes in its standard

A

this includes principles such as:

  1. Frame format
  2. Frame size
  3. Encoding
  4. encapsulation
54
Q

describe the

core layer

of the hierarchical layer network design

A

this layer will:

contain network devices such as:

  1. switches
  2. routers

This is the backbone of the network and will provide high speed and redundant connections between the distribution layer devices it is also the last layer of the hierarchical design and any traffic that is bound for the internet will pass through here

55
Q

this includes:

  1. access layer
  2. distribution layer
  3. core layer
A

what are the 3 layers of the

hierarchical layer design

56
Q

what is a similar protocol to

IPv6 neighbour discovery

using IPv4

A

what is a similar protocol to

IPv4 Address resolution protocol (ARP)

using IPv6

57
Q

this is a table that contains all of the ports of the switch and the mac address of the host that is connected to that port. The switch uses the mac address table in order to know which port to send an ethernet frame

A

describe the

MAC address table

used by a switch

58
Q

what is an

ARP request

A

this is an ethernet broadcast message that is sent out by a host when it knows the destination IP address but does not know the destination MAC address of a host

59
Q

what is an

ethernet broadast message

A

this is an ethernet frame that has a destination address of

FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

That is 48 bits all set to 1

60
Q

since the ethernet protocol is a layer 2 (data link) protocol the encapsulated data will most likely be a IPv4 or IPv6 packet since the IP is a layer above at layer 3 (network)

A

what type of data are you

most likely going to find encapsulated within an ethernet frame

61
Q

in 8 steps describe how a switch

populates its MAC address table

A
  1. The switch begins with a table of its ports with no mac addresses associated with the ports
  2. Host 1 sends a message to host 2 via the switch
  3. The switch receives the ethernet frame and looks at the source mac address
  4. The switch puts host 1 mac address into the table for the associated port the frame was received on
  5. The switch looks at the destination mac address
  6. Since the switch does not have this in its mac address table it uses a process known as flooding which sends the frame out of every port except the port it was received on
  7. All hosts NICS that do not match the destination mac address drop the frame and the host NIC that does match reads the rest of the frame and replies to host 1 via the switch
  8. The switch can now learn host 2 mac address using the reply frame
62
Q

what is the

data

of the ethernet frame

A

this is where packets from the layers above are encapsulated

(ETHERNET(IP(TCP)))

63
Q

when this situation occurs the switch will flood the frame out of every port except the one it received it on

A

if a switch does not have the destination MAC address in its mac address table

how does it go about getting the frame to its correct destination?

64
Q

what is

Address resolution protocol (ARP)

A

this is a protocol that allows hosts to discover the MAC addresses of other hosts on the network

65
Q

this includes:

  1. Congestion - due to too much traffic from end users, servers or even protocols such as ethernet broadcasts
  2. Security - by allowing mission critical devices to share network bandwidth with other devices there is a vulnerability
  3. Data corruption - again by allowing devices to share the network bandwidth there is potential for data to be mismanaged and corrupted
A

name 3 drawbacks of a

poorly designed network

66
Q

what action does a host take when it receives an ethernet broadcast message

A

When a host receives an ethernet broadcast message it will recognises the destination address as being a broadcast message and continues to read the frame

67
Q

this part of the ethernet frame is there to help get the receiving Network Interface Card (NIC) into sync

A

what is the

preamble

of the ethernet frame

68
Q

describe the

MAC address table

used by a switch

A

this is a table that contains all of the ports of the switch and the mac address of the host that is connected to that port. The switch uses the mac address table in order to know which port to send an ethernet frame

69
Q

how does a switch learn about new MAC addresses

A

it does this by inspecting the source MAC address of the ethernet frame. if it does not exists in its MAC address table then it will add it to the associated port the frame entered the switch

70
Q

what is the

preamble

of the ethernet frame

A

this part of the ethernet frame is there to help get the receiving Network Interface Card (NIC) into sync

71
Q

describe the

distribution layer

of the hierarchical layer network design

A

this layer will:

contain network devices such as:

  1. switches
  2. routers

this layer is concerned with interconnecting the smaller networks that reside in the access layer providing a way for the different networks within the access layer to communicate with each other and the internet

72
Q
  1. The sending host creates and sends a frame addressed to a broadcast MAC address. Contained in the frame is a message with the IPv4 address of the intended destination host.
  2. Each host on the network receives the broadcast frame and compares the IPv4 address inside the message with its configured IPv4 address. The host with the matching IPv4 address sends its MAC address back to the original sending host.
  3. The sending host receives the message and stores the MAC address and IPv4 address information in a table called an ARP table.
A

in 3 steps describe the steps involved when a host uses the

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

73
Q

this includes:

  1. Increased efficiency - network traffic is separated into smaller networks where traffic only leaves the network if it is bound to
  2. Increased speed - less congestion and strategically placed network devices increases the overall speed of the network
  3. Scalability - this network design scales well since the addition of new devices or networks can be implemented without impacting the performance of the current network
A

name 3 benefits that can be gained by implementing a

hierarchical layered network design

74
Q

when this situation occurs the IP packet will reach a router at which point it will discard the ethernet frame and create a new ethernet frame with

  1. the source address as its own mac address
  2. the destination address as the host MAC address that matches the IP address (if applicable and using its ARP table)
A

if an IP packet must travel to a new network what happens to the ethernet frame

75
Q

When a switch receives this ethernet broadcast frame it will recognises the destination address as being a broadcast message and forwards the frame out of every port

A

what action does a switch take when it receives an ethernet broadcast message

76
Q

this is a message sent in response to a ARP request when the host has a matching IP address of the one within the ARP request

A

what is an

ARP reply

77
Q

what is a similar protocol to

IPv4 Address resolution protocol (ARP)

using IPv6

A

what is a similar protocol to

IPv6 neighbour discovery

using IPv4

78
Q

name 2 reasons why a host may transmit a

broadcast message

A

a host may send this because:

  1. it does not know which of the other hosts can supply it the information it needs (i.e: i have an ip address, i want to know who owns it)
  2. it would like to send a message to every host on the network in an efficient and timely manner (i.e: hi ive just joined the network my name is AA:AA:AA:AA)
79
Q

what is the

Type / length

of the ethernet frame

A

this part of the ethernet frame will give detail of either the type of data inside the data field (I.e IPv4 or IPv6) or it will tell you the length of the data within the data field

80
Q

When a host receives an ethernet broadcast message it will recognises the destination address as being a broadcast message and continues to read the frame

A

what action does a host take when it receives an ethernet broadcast message

TM129: Networking (19 decks)

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