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TM129: Networking > Module 10: IPv4 and IPv6 address management > Flashcards

Module 10: IPv4 and IPv6 address management Flashcards

1
Q

what does the

IPv6 link local address

begin with

A

this address begins with FE80

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2
Q

with this a device such as a host or a router is configured to use both IPv4 and IPv6. upon making a connection to another device it will choose which IP version is best. one example might be by assessing what a DNS server returns if it returns both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address for a server then a host may use IPv6 first and then try IPv4.

when IPv6 is chosen in dual stack it may also be referred to as native IPv6 since all communication takes place using the IPv6 protocol

A

describe a

dual stack device

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3
Q

does IPv6 require

Network Address Translation

A

IPv6 does not require this since every host will have its own globally unique address

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4
Q

IPv6 does not require this since every host will have its own globally unique address

A

does IPv6 require

Network Address Translation

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5
Q

in 5 steps describe the process of

Network Address Translation (NAT)

A
  1. host creates an IP packet using its private address as the source and a public address of the destination router
  2. the packet is then sent to the default gateway
  3. the default gateway transaltes the private IP source address into its own public IP address and keeps a note of thetranslation
  4. the IP packet is then forwarded to the remote destination
  5. upon reaching the remote destination the same process happens in reverse so the destination IP address is translated
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6
Q

what are 3 methods that are used which

allow IPv6 and IPv4 to co-exist

A

three methods that allow this are:

  1. dual stack
  2. tunnelling
  3. translation
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7
Q

this performs the role of translating private IP addresses which are not routable on the internet into public ip addresses that are routable on the internet

A

what is the role of

Network Address Translation (NAT)

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8
Q

the primary purpose of this was to extend the IPv4 lifespan

A

what is the primary purpose / need of

Network Address Translation (NAT)

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9
Q

this address type has

128 bits

A

how many bits is an

IPv6 address

made up of

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10
Q

on each interface of this there will be an IP address configured

A

what will each interface of a router have configured

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11
Q

IPv6 does not use a subnet mask to determine this instead it uses an integer prefix which will tell you how many bits from left to right of the IPv6 address represent the network portion of the address.

A

how does IPv6 determine a network and host portion within the IPv6 address

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12
Q

describe

SLAAC + stateless DHCPv6

A

this follows the same procedure as Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) however the router will tell the host that you must speak to the DHCP server to obtain additional information such as a DNS server address

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13
Q
  • it is written in hexadecimal
  • every 16 bits is seperated by a colon (:) known as a hextet.
  • a full address composed of 8 hextets with each hextet containing 16 bits
A

describe how

IPv6 is formatted

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14
Q

this will translate an IPv4 packet into an IPv6 packet and vice versa when communicating networks are using different versions of the IP. this translation is taken care of by a NAT64 router

A

describe the protocol

Network Address Translation 64 (NAT64)

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15
Q

what does the IP address on each interface of a

router

correspond to

A

the IP address on each interface of this:

  • corresonds with the network that is attached (directly connected network)
  • is the default gateway for any hosts connected to that interface
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16
Q

describe the steps involved in a host creating its own global unicast address via

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)

A

when an IPv6 host wishes to get a global unicast address so that it may communicate over the internet it will

  1. first send out a multicast called a ICMPv6 router solicitation. this is a message that will be received by any IPv6 routers on the newtwork asking for there router advertisement
  2. secondly an IPv6 router will reply by sending the host a Router Advertisement (RA) which contains:
    1. the prefix (network address),
    2. prefix length (subnet mask),
    3. and default gateway from the Router

this then allows the host to create its own global unicast address or ‘public address’

NOTE: the router advertisement is sent periodically although can be asked for using the router solicitaion

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17
Q

the two rules of this are:

  1. leading zeros of a hextet may be omitted
  2. concurrent zeros can be replaced with a double colon (this may only be used once since if it were used twice there are instances where you cant tell how many hextets have zeros)
A

what are the two rules for

compressing an IPv6 address

for easier reading and writing

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18
Q

how does IPv6 determine a network and host portion within the IPv6 address

A

IPv6 does not use a subnet mask to determine this instead it uses an integer prefix which will tell you how many bits from left to right of the IPv6 address represent the network portion of the address.

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19
Q

when an IPv6 host wishes to get a global unicast address so that it may communicate over the internet it will

  1. first send out a multicast called a ICMPv6 router solicitation. this is a message that will be received by any IPv6 routers on the newtwork asking for there router advertisement
  2. secondly an IPv6 router will reply by sending the host a Router Advertisement (RA) which contains:
    1. the prefix (network address),
    2. prefix length (subnet mask),
    3. and default gateway from the Router

this then allows the host to create its own global unicast address or ‘public address’

NOTE: the router advertisement is sent periodically although can be asked for using the router solicitaion

A

describe the steps involved in a host creating its own global unicast address via

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)

20
Q

the primary role this has is joining networks. so that hosts belonging to one network can communicate with hosts on a remote network

A

what is the primary role of a

router

21
Q

what is an

IPv6 link lcal address

and what does it allow

A

this is a self configured IPv6 address that every IPv6 client must have

it allows IPv6 clients on a network to communicate with each other, however this address is not routed by routers so cannot be used to talk to devices on a remote network

22
Q

this address begins with FE80

A

what does the

IPv6 link local address

begin with

23
Q

what is the primary role of a

router

A

the primary role this has is joining networks. so that hosts belonging to one network can communicate with hosts on a remote network

24
Q

two drawbacks of this are:

  1. Nat translation creates latency
  2. NAT impedes peer to peer communication
A

what are 2 drawbacks of

Network Address Translation (NAT)

25
Q

how many bits is an

IPv6 address

made up of

A

this address type has

128 bits

26
Q

describe

IPv6 tunnelling

A

this takes an IPv6 packet and encapsulates it inside an IPv4 packet. this method is usefull where we cannot route over a network using IPv6

27
Q

what are 2 drawbacks of

Network Address Translation (NAT)

A

two drawbacks of this are:

  1. Nat translation creates latency
  2. NAT impedes peer to peer communication
28
Q

the IP address on each interface of this:

  • corresonds with the network that is attached (directly connected network)
  • is the default gateway for any hosts connected to that interface
A

what does the IP address on each interface of a

router

correspond to

29
Q

describe a

dual stack device

A

with this a device such as a host or a router is configured to use both IPv4 and IPv6. upon making a connection to another device it will choose which IP version is best. one example might be by assessing what a DNS server returns if it returns both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address for a server then a host may use IPv6 first and then try IPv4.

when IPv6 is chosen in dual stack it may also be referred to as native IPv6 since all communication takes place using the IPv6 protocol

30
Q

describe the protocol

Network Address Translation 64 (NAT64)

A

this will translate an IPv4 packet into an IPv6 packet and vice versa when communicating networks are using different versions of the IP. this translation is taken care of by a NAT64 router

31
Q

this takes an IPv6 packet and encapsulates it inside an IPv4 packet. this method is usefull where we cannot route over a network using IPv6

A

describe

IPv6 tunnelling

32
Q

describe

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)

A

with this option the routers Router Advertisement (RA) includes the prefix, prefix length and the default gateway address. the host is then left to create its own global unicast address and no DHCP server is required. this is stateless because the DHCP server does not assign the host an address

33
Q

what is the role of

Network Address Translation (NAT)

A

this performs the role of translating private IP addresses which are not routable on the internet into public ip addresses that are routable on the internet

34
Q

describe how

IPv6 is formatted

A
  • it is written in hexadecimal
  • every 16 bits is seperated by a colon (:) known as a hextet.
  • a full address composed of 8 hextets with each hextet containing 16 bits
35
Q

this is a self configured IPv6 address that every IPv6 client must have

it allows IPv6 clients on a network to communicate with each other, however this address is not routed by routers so cannot be used to talk to devices on a remote network

A

what is an

IPv6 link lcal address

and what does it allow

36
Q

how many unique addresses are there within

IPv6

A

this can uniquely address

  • 340 undecillon addresses
  • 340^36
37
Q

this follows the same procedure as Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) however the router will tell the host that you must speak to the DHCP server to obtain additional information such as a DNS server address

A

describe

SLAAC + stateless DHCPv6

38
Q

with this option the router tells the host to ignore everything in the Router advertisement (RA) except the default gateway address. it then tells it to get the rest of its addressing information from a DHCPv6 server

A

describe

default gateway + statefull DHCPv6

39
Q

three methods that allow this are:

  1. dual stack
  2. tunnelling
  3. translation
A

what are 3 methods that are used which

allow IPv6 and IPv4 to co-exist

40
Q

what is the primary purpose / need of

Network Address Translation (NAT)

A

the primary purpose of this was to extend the IPv4 lifespan

41
Q

what will each interface of a router have configured

A

on each interface of this there will be an IP address configured

42
Q

describe

default gateway + statefull DHCPv6

A

with this option the router tells the host to ignore everything in the Router advertisement (RA) except the default gateway address. it then tells it to get the rest of its addressing information from a DHCPv6 server

43
Q

what are the two rules for

compressing an IPv6 address

for easier reading and writing

A

the two rules of this are:

  1. leading zeros of a hextet may be omitted
  2. concurrent zeros can be replaced with a double colon (this may only be used once since if it were used twice there are instances where you cant tell how many hextets have zeros)
44
Q
  1. host creates an IP packet using its private address as the source and a public address of the destination router
  2. the packet is then sent to the default gateway
  3. the default gateway transaltes the private IP source address into its own public IP address and keeps a note of thetranslation
  4. the IP packet is then forwarded to the remote destination
  5. upon reaching the remote destination the same process happens in reverse so the destination IP address is translated
A

in 5 steps describe the process of

Network Address Translation (NAT)

45
Q

this can uniquely address

  • 340 undecillon addresses
  • 340^36
A

how many unique addresses are there within

IPv6

46
Q

with this option the routers Router Advertisement (RA) includes the prefix, prefix length and the default gateway address. the host is then left to create its own global unicast address and no DHCP server is required. this is stateless because the DHCP server does not assign the host an address

A

describe

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)

TM129: Networking (19 decks)

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