Module 6- Fluoride

Question 1

What are the 2 ways that fluoride is made available to the tooth?

Answer 1

Topical

Systemic

Question 2

What are some examples of systemic fluoride?

Answer 2

RX drops/pills

School water fluoridation

Question 3

What are some examples of topical fluoride?

Answer 3

Community water fluoridation
Milk and Salt fluoridation
Varnish/Foam/Gel

Question 4

What is a Halo effect?

Answer 4

When we make food with fluoridated water and ship it to places that don’t have fluoridated water.

Question 5

Fluoride is absorbed rapidly through ______ diffusion in the _______.

Answer 5

passive
stomach (GI)

Question 6

The rate and amount of absorption depends on the ______ of the compound and the _______?

Answer 6

solubility

gastric acidity

Question 7

Stomach absorption takes place within _____ min?

Answer 7

60

Question 8

If the fluoride isn’t absorbed in the stomach it will get absorbed in the ?

Answer 8

Small Intestine

Question 9

There is less absorption when fluoride is taken with?

Answer 9

Milk or other food

Question 10

What distributes the fluoride through the body and carries it to get eliminated from the body as well?

Answer 10

plasma

Question 11

Maximum blood levels of fluoride are reached within ___min of intake?

Answer 11

30

Question 12

Fluoride has a strong affinity for ____ tissues?

Answer 12

calcified

Question 13

99% of fluoride is located in the ______ tissues?

Answer 13

mineralized

Question 14

The amount of fluoride stored varies with the ____, _____, and the ____ of development?

Answer 14

intake
time
age/stage

Question 15

Most fluoride is excreted through the ______ with small amounts excreted through the ____?

Answer 15

kidneys (urine)

sweat and feces

Question 16

Fluoride is deposited during formation of enamel starting at the ________ location?

Answer 16

DEJ

Question 17

Fluoride is deposited directly into the _____ structure?

Answer 17

hydroxyapatite

Question 18

Fluoride becomes _______ when incorporated into the crystalline structure?

Answer 18

fluorapatite

Question 19

Preeruptive fluoride results in ______ occlusal grooves?

Answer 19

shallow

Question 20

Dental fluorosis is a form of _____ that results from systemic ingestion of an excess amount of fluoride during development?

Answer 20

hypomineralization

Question 21

The effects of fluoride on enamel formation are _____ rather than _______

Answer 21

cumulative

threshold

Question 22

During the maturation phase fluoride is deposited where?

Answer 22

surface of enamel

Question 23

Children who are exposed to fluoride for the first time within _________ time have the greatest amount of fluoride acquired.

Answer 23

2 yrs before eruption

Question 24

After eruption how do teeth get fluoride?

Answer 24

topical sources

water, TP, mouth rinse, professional topical products etc.

Question 25

Uptake of fluoride is most rapid on the enamel surface during the ________ time?

Answer 25

first YEARS after eruption

Question 26

Define Fluoridation

Answer 26

adjustment of natural fluoride ion content of water supply to optimum physiologic concentration that maximizes caries prevention and limits enamel fluorosis

Question 27

Who said water was the cause of the Colorado Brown Stain (also called mottled enamel or just brown stain)

Answer 27

Dr. McKay

Question 28

Who pinpointed fluorine as the ACTUAL cause of brown stain?

Answer 28

H.V. Churchill

Question 29

Churchill was worried because peoples water was being contaminated by fluorine due to it being a by-product of _______ which they were mining for?

Answer 29

aluminum

Question 30

Who concluded that 1ppm was optimum level of fluoride in water in 1930's?

Answer 30

Trendley Dean

Question 31

The first communities were fluoridated in ____ with ____ to be the first?

Answer 31

1945 | Grand Rapids Michigan

Question 32

Since 1962 the optimum fluoride level has been set to________ for warm climates and ______ for cold?

Answer 32

.7 ppm. | 1.2 ppm.

Question 33

In what year did the US dept. of health and human services say .7 ppm was for ALL communities no matter the weather?

Answer 33

2011

Question 34

What are the 3 sources of fluoride to put in drinking water?

Answer 34

fluorspar cryolite apatite

Question 35

The dry compounds are sodium ______ and sodium ______

Answer 35

fluoride | silico-fluoride

Question 36

The liquid solution is _________

Answer 36

hydrofluorosilicic acid

Question 37

The fluoride compound has to be water _______ and relatively _____ and readily _____?

Answer 37

soluble inexpensive available

Question 38

Maximum fluoride benefits are seen when?

Answer 38

continuous use of fluoridated water is used from birth on

Question 39

Estimated reduction in caries due to water fluoridation alone among adults of all ages is ____%

Answer 39

27

Question 40

What teeth get the maximum protection from drinking fluoridated water?

Answer 40

MX ant.

Question 41

Not only is the number of carious lesions reduced but the ____ is slowed also?

Answer 41

rate of caries progression

Question 42

Root caries incidence is almost __% less in communities with water fluoridation?

Answer 42

50

Question 43

fluoridation in water from birth is associated with a ___% reduction of caries in primary teeth?

Answer 43

40

Question 44

What is partial de-fluoridation?

Answer 44

When you decrease the amount of fluoride in the water to the optimum level due to the level being too high

Question 45

Why is a school water fluoridation program at such a high level....ex: 5ppm-8ppm

Answer 45

because they are only there 5 days a week and 9 mo out of the year

Question 46

What are the 2 types of water filters that take fluoride out?

Answer 46

reverse osmosis and water distillation systems

Question 47

What type of topical fluoride application has the highest % of fluoride and what is the percent?

Answer 47

5% Neutral Sodium Varnish (NaF) 2.6%

Question 48

2% NaF foam or gel contains _% fluoride

Answer 48

.90

Question 49

1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) contains _____% fluoride

Answer 49

1.23

Question 50

The ideal regimen for fluoride is _______ frequency ________ concentration

Answer 50

high | low

Question 51

What surface may have the highest concentration of fluoride?

Answer 51

outer enamel

Question 52

_________ may have higher levels of fluoride than enamel?

Answer 52

exposed dentin

Question 53

a demineralized spot contains _____ fluoride than intact enamel?

Answer 53

more

Question 54

What are the 3 basic topical effects of fluoride to preventing dental caries?

Answer 54

inhibit demineralization enhance remineralization inhibit bacterial activity

Question 55

How does fluoride inhibit bacterial activity?

Answer 55

it inhibits ENOLASE (enzyme in bacteria) needed to metabolize carbs

Question 56

What is the principal mineral ingredient of teeth, bones, and calculus?

Answer 56

hydroxyapatite

Question 57

What is a form of hydroxyapatite in which fluoride ions replaced some of the hydroxyl ions?

Answer 57

fluorapatite

Question 58

What apatite is formed when low concentrations of fluoride react with tooth mineral?

Answer 58

fluorhydroxyapatite

Question 59

What apatite is less soluble and more resistant to the acids formed by carb intake?

Answer 59

fluorapatite

Question 60

Cariostatic means

Answer 60

inhibits progress of dental caries

Question 61

_______ is the lowering of the amount of fluoride in fluoridated water to an optimum?

Answer 61

defluoridation

Question 62

What is a demineralized area below the surface of the enamel?

Answer 62

subsurface lesion