Module 12- Diabetic Pt. Flashcards
Diabetes Mellitus is a group of ______ characterized by _______
Diseases
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia is due to?
Insulin deficiency or resistance
____% of population has diabetes
8
Insulin is produced by?
Beta cell of pancreas
Low insulin = ______ blood sugar
High
Normal blood glucose levels in healthy people
60-150 mg/dl
Insulin facilitates glucose _____
Uptake
Insulin speeds up _____ of glucose and conversion of glucose to ____
Oxidation
Glycogen
Type 1 diabetes is due to insulin _____
Decreased production
A person with type ____ diabetes will have glycosuria
1
Glycosuria causes _______
Polyuria (osmotic diuresis)
Polyuria causes
Polydipsia
When cells are starving for glucose it sends a signal to eat more food which is called
Polyphagia
If the body doesn’t use glucose for energy it has to use _____ which causes _____
Fat Ketone buildup (metabolic acidosis)
What leads to a diabetic coma
Metabolic acidosis or ketone buildup in blood
Type 2 diabetes deals with an insulin _____
Resistance or decreased action
T/F insulin production and secretion remain normal in type 2 diabetes
T
What is the main problem in type 2 diabetes
Insulin receptor defects
________is termed insulin shock
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia is _______insulin
Too much
Hyperglycemia is _____insulin and is termed?
Too little
Ketoacidosis (diabetic coma)
The loss of beta cells is due to _____ or _______
Autoimmune reaction
Unknown/unclear environmental reasons
Which type of diabetes HAS TO take insulin
1
Type 1 diabetes accounts for ____-_____# of total cases
5-10
Insulin resistance means
Peripheral tissues can’t respond to insulin
Gestational diabetes is usually in what trimester
3
Infants are ____ there are ____ premi babies
If the mom has gestational diabetes
Bigger
More
What are 3 hormones that can cause diabetes
Hgh
Cortisol
Epinephrine
T/F chemicals can cause diabetes
F -they can impair insulin secretion, destroy beta cells
To diagnose diabetes the A1c has to be >/= ______
6.5
Fasting is no calories for how long
8 hrs
Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to ____and poor ___ ____
Infections
Wound healing
Diabetics can have ____ _____ which causes a lack of feeling and causes amputations due to lack of feeling pain
Peripheral neuropathy
Diabetes is the leading cause of_____ disease and ______
Renal
blindness
Diabetic pts have what problems with their eyes
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Many cases of type 2 diabetes can be controlled with what 2 things
Weight loss
Exercise
What are 4 types of insulin
Short
Rapid
Intermediate
Long
The types of insulin are based on ____, ____, and _______ of action
Onset
Peak
Duration
What are some factors affecting the need for insulin
Food intake amount Illness Stress Infections Exercise
What are the 3 areas a subcutaneous injection are given
Thigh
Stomach
Upper arm
Insulin pumps may increase risk of?
Hypoglycemia
What type of insulin method is short acting and is considered a “mealtime” insulin
Inhaler insulin
Perio infections can increase insulin _____
Resistance
Diabetes is a ____, _____, and ____ factor for disease
Accelerating
Conditioning
Modifying
Perio tx and reduction of perio inflammation reduces levels of _____ _____ which improves glycemic control
Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Appointment planning for a diabetic pt involves ______ prevention
Stress