Module 15- Respiratory Problems Flashcards
What is more common: upper or lower respiratory disorders?
upper
Upper respiratory disorders are cause by?
infections or allergens
An example of an upper respiratory disorder would be?
Rhinitis (cold)
Influenza (flu)
Hay fever
Upper respiratory disorders affect what 4 structures?
Nose
Sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Lower respiratory disorders affect what 2 structures?
Trachea
Lungs
Examples of lower respiratory disorders are?
bronchitis Pneumonia TB Asthma Cystic Fibrosis
What type of microorganism causes pneumonia most often?
virus
What is the term for a fungal pneumonia?
Pneumocystis pneumonia
What type of patients are likely to get a fungal pneumonia?
immunocompromised (HIV/AIDS)
CAP stands for?
community acquired pneumonia
person-to-person
HCAP stands for?
Healthcare-associated pneumonia
nosocomial
HCAP occurs ____ - ______ after hospital admission
48-72hrs
HCAP is the main cause of _____ in hospitalized patients?
death
Bacteria in _____ _____ can serve as a reservoir for lung infections?
periodontal pockets
What is the treatment for fungal pneumonia?
Sulfa Drugs
What is the cause of TB?
rod shaped mycobacterium tuberculosis
Where does TB infection begin?
alveoli of lungs
TB survives best in a _____ oxygen environment?
highly
The immune response to TB will limit further growth after how long?
2-10 wks
Approximately _____-____% of people with latent TB and NOT treated will develop TB disease?
5-10
What are the 2 tests for TB
TST - tb skin test
IGBA- Interferon -gamma release assay (blood test)
Dental Treatment is permitted on a TB patient when?
patient is free of active disease
Asthma is a ___ respiratory disorder?
chronic
What is the most common type of asthma?
extrinsic asthma
An allergic stimulus leads to activation of airway ______ _____ cells?
epithelial mast
Atopic or Allergic Asthma is one type of immunoglobulin _____ mediated reaction?
E
Immunoglobulin _____ provides the primary defense against environmental allergens?
E
What are the 3 steps in how allergens trigger asthma?
IgE attaches to Mast Cells
Allergen attaches to IgE
Mast Cell releases asthma mediators
If an allergen attaches to mast cells THROUGHOUT the body we have a _____ anaphylaxis?
systemic
What are the NAEPP 4 levels of severity and frequency of asthma?
Intermittent
Persistent-mild
Persistent-moderate
Persistent- severe
What are the 2 types of medications for asthma?
long term
quick relief
What are 3 common medications that are asthma attack triggers we should stay away from using in the dental office?
Aspirin
Sulfite-containing anesthetics like epi
NSAIDS
Beta-2 agonist asthma inhalers decrease ______ and _____?
saliva
biofilm PH
What are the 2 diseases of COPD?
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
What is the primary etiology of COPD?
inhaling tobacco smoke (80-90% mortality)
Chronic Bronchitis is a cough with expectoration for at least how many months out of a year?
3
Emphysema patients have a hard time breathing?
out
Bronchitis patients have a hard time breathing ?
in and out
The term “______ _____’ is representative of a person with chronic bronchitis?
blue bloater
Emphysema is a _____ or _____ of the air spaces distal to the ____ _______
distention
widening
terminal bronchioles
A person with emphysema has a ______/_____ cough?
dry/nonproductive
The term “_____ ______” is used to describe a person with emphysema?
pink puffer
You should put the chair in the _____ or ______ position for a patient with COPD
upright
semi-upright
Cystic Fibrosis is an autosomal ______ disorder. This means?
recessive
both parents must have it or be carriers
Cystic Fibrosis patients have chronic _____ and ____ _____ infections
sinusitis
bacterial lung
