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Dental Hygiene 2 > Module 15- Respiratory Problems > Flashcards

Module 15- Respiratory Problems Flashcards

1
Q

What is more common: upper or lower respiratory disorders?

A

upper

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2
Q

Upper respiratory disorders are cause by?

A

infections or allergens

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3
Q

An example of an upper respiratory disorder would be?

A

Rhinitis (cold)
Influenza (flu)
Hay fever

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4
Q

Upper respiratory disorders affect what 4 structures?

A

Nose
Sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx

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5
Q

Lower respiratory disorders affect what 2 structures?

A

Trachea

Lungs

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6
Q

Examples of lower respiratory disorders are?

A 
bronchitis
Pneumonia
TB
Asthma
Cystic Fibrosis
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7
Q

What type of microorganism causes pneumonia most often?

A

virus

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8
Q

What is the term for a fungal pneumonia?

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

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9
Q

What type of patients are likely to get a fungal pneumonia?

A

immunocompromised (HIV/AIDS)

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10
Q

CAP stands for?

A

community acquired pneumonia

person-to-person

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11
Q

HCAP stands for?

A

Healthcare-associated pneumonia

nosocomial

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12
Q

HCAP occurs ____ - ______ after hospital admission

A

48-72hrs

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13
Q

HCAP is the main cause of _____ in hospitalized patients?

A

death

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14
Q

Bacteria in _____ _____ can serve as a reservoir for lung infections?

A

periodontal pockets

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15
Q

What is the treatment for fungal pneumonia?

A

Sulfa Drugs

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16
Q

What is the cause of TB?

A

rod shaped mycobacterium tuberculosis

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17
Q

Where does TB infection begin?

A

alveoli of lungs

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18
Q

TB survives best in a _____ oxygen environment?

A

highly

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19
Q

The immune response to TB will limit further growth after how long?

A

2-10 wks

20
Q

Approximately _____-____% of people with latent TB and NOT treated will develop TB disease?

A

5-10

21
Q

What are the 2 tests for TB

A

TST - tb skin test

IGBA- Interferon -gamma release assay (blood test)

22
Q

Dental Treatment is permitted on a TB patient when?

A

patient is free of active disease

23
Q

Asthma is a ___ respiratory disorder?

A

chronic

24
Q

What is the most common type of asthma?

A

extrinsic asthma

25
Q

An allergic stimulus leads to activation of airway ______ _____ cells?

A

epithelial mast

26
Q

Atopic or Allergic Asthma is one type of immunoglobulin _____ mediated reaction?

A

E

27
Q

Immunoglobulin _____ provides the primary defense against environmental allergens?

A

E

28
Q

What are the 3 steps in how allergens trigger asthma?

A

IgE attaches to Mast Cells
Allergen attaches to IgE
Mast Cell releases asthma mediators

29
Q

If an allergen attaches to mast cells THROUGHOUT the body we have a _____ anaphylaxis?

A

systemic

30
Q

What are the NAEPP 4 levels of severity and frequency of asthma?

A

Intermittent
Persistent-mild
Persistent-moderate
Persistent- severe

31
Q

What are the 2 types of medications for asthma?

A

long term

quick relief

32
Q

What are 3 common medications that are asthma attack triggers we should stay away from using in the dental office?

A

Aspirin
Sulfite-containing anesthetics like epi
NSAIDS

33
Q

Beta-2 agonist asthma inhalers decrease ______ and _____?

A

saliva

biofilm PH

34
Q

What are the 2 diseases of COPD?

A

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

35
Q

What is the primary etiology of COPD?

A

inhaling tobacco smoke (80-90% mortality)

36
Q

Chronic Bronchitis is a cough with expectoration for at least how many months out of a year?

A

3

37
Q

Emphysema patients have a hard time breathing?

A

out

38
Q

Bronchitis patients have a hard time breathing ?

A

in and out

39
Q

The term “______ _____’ is representative of a person with chronic bronchitis?

A

blue bloater

40
Q

Emphysema is a _____ or _____ of the air spaces distal to the ____ _______

A

distention
widening
terminal bronchioles

41
Q

A person with emphysema has a ______/_____ cough?

A

dry/nonproductive

42
Q

The term “_____ ______” is used to describe a person with emphysema?

A

pink puffer

43
Q

You should put the chair in the _____ or ______ position for a patient with COPD

A

upright

semi-upright

44
Q

Cystic Fibrosis is an autosomal ______ disorder. This means?

A

recessive

both parents must have it or be carriers

45
Q

Cystic Fibrosis patients have chronic _____ and ____ _____ infections

A

sinusitis

bacterial lung

Dental Hygiene 2 (19 decks)

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