Module 15- Respiratory Problems

Question 1

What is more common: upper or lower respiratory disorders?

Answer 1

upper

Question 2

Upper respiratory disorders are cause by?

Answer 2

infections or allergens

Question 3

An example of an upper respiratory disorder would be?

Answer 3

Rhinitis (cold)
Influenza (flu)
Hay fever

Question 4

Upper respiratory disorders affect what 4 structures?

Answer 4

Nose
Sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 5

Lower respiratory disorders affect what 2 structures?

Answer 5

Trachea

Lungs

Question 6

Examples of lower respiratory disorders are?

Answer 6

bronchitis
Pneumonia
TB
Asthma
Cystic Fibrosis

Question 7

What type of microorganism causes pneumonia most often?

Answer 7

virus

Question 8

What is the term for a fungal pneumonia?

Answer 8

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Question 9

What type of patients are likely to get a fungal pneumonia?

Answer 9

immunocompromised (HIV/AIDS)

Question 10

CAP stands for?

Answer 10

community acquired pneumonia

person-to-person

Question 11

HCAP stands for?

Answer 11

Healthcare-associated pneumonia

nosocomial

Question 12

HCAP occurs ____ - ______ after hospital admission

Answer 12

48-72hrs

Question 13

HCAP is the main cause of _____ in hospitalized patients?

Answer 13

death

Question 14

Bacteria in _____ _____ can serve as a reservoir for lung infections?

Answer 14

periodontal pockets

Question 15

What is the treatment for fungal pneumonia?

Answer 15

Sulfa Drugs

Question 16

What is the cause of TB?

Answer 16

rod shaped mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 17

Where does TB infection begin?

Answer 17

alveoli of lungs

Question 18

TB survives best in a _____ oxygen environment?

Answer 18

highly

Question 19

The immune response to TB will limit further growth after how long?

Answer 19

2-10 wks

Question 20

Approximately _____-____% of people with latent TB and NOT treated will develop TB disease?

Answer 20

5-10

Question 21

What are the 2 tests for TB

Answer 21

TST - tb skin test

IGBA- Interferon -gamma release assay (blood test)

Question 22

Dental Treatment is permitted on a TB patient when?

Answer 22

patient is free of active disease

Question 23

Asthma is a ___ respiratory disorder?

Answer 23

chronic

Question 24

What is the most common type of asthma?

Answer 24

extrinsic asthma

Question 25

An allergic stimulus leads to activation of airway ______ _____ cells?

Answer 25

epithelial mast

Question 26

Atopic or Allergic Asthma is one type of immunoglobulin _____ mediated reaction?

Answer 26

E

Question 27

Immunoglobulin _____ provides the primary defense against environmental allergens?

Answer 27

E

Question 28

What are the 3 steps in how allergens trigger asthma?

Answer 28

IgE attaches to Mast Cells Allergen attaches to IgE Mast Cell releases asthma mediators

Question 29

If an allergen attaches to mast cells THROUGHOUT the body we have a _____ anaphylaxis?

Answer 29

systemic

Question 30

What are the NAEPP 4 levels of severity and frequency of asthma?

Answer 30

Intermittent Persistent-mild Persistent-moderate Persistent- severe

Question 31

What are the 2 types of medications for asthma?

Answer 31

long term | quick relief

Question 32

What are 3 common medications that are asthma attack triggers we should stay away from using in the dental office?

Answer 32

Aspirin Sulfite-containing anesthetics like epi NSAIDS

Question 33

Beta-2 agonist asthma inhalers decrease ______ and _____?

Answer 33

saliva | biofilm PH

Question 34

What are the 2 diseases of COPD?

Answer 34

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 35

What is the primary etiology of COPD?

Answer 35

inhaling tobacco smoke (80-90% mortality)

Question 36

Chronic Bronchitis is a cough with expectoration for at least how many months out of a year?

Answer 36

3

Question 37

Emphysema patients have a hard time breathing?

Answer 37

out

Question 38

Bronchitis patients have a hard time breathing ?

Answer 38

in and out

Question 39

The term "______ _____' is representative of a person with chronic bronchitis?

Answer 39

blue bloater

Question 40

Emphysema is a _____ or _____ of the air spaces distal to the ____ _______

Answer 40

distention widening terminal bronchioles

Question 41

A person with emphysema has a ______/_____ cough?

Answer 41

dry/nonproductive

Question 42

The term "_____ ______" is used to describe a person with emphysema?

Answer 42

pink puffer

Question 43

You should put the chair in the _____ or ______ position for a patient with COPD

Answer 43

upright | semi-upright

Question 44

Cystic Fibrosis is an autosomal ______ disorder. This means?

Answer 44

recessive | both parents must have it or be carriers

Question 45

Cystic Fibrosis patients have chronic _____ and ____ _____ infections

Answer 45

sinusitis | bacterial lung