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Biochemistry 2 > Module 6 and Module 0 quizzes and kahoot > Flashcards

Module 6 and Module 0 quizzes and kahoot Flashcards

1
Q

Based on the word parts, what does the term glycolysis mean?

A

The process of breaking down glucose for energy

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2
Q

Which of the following best defines the word root spir/o?

A

Air or Breath

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3
Q

Based on its word parts, what does the term anabolic mean?

A

Related to the buildup or synthesis of complex molecules

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4
Q

What does the suffix -ase indicate in medical terminology?

A

A type of enzyme

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5
Q

Based on its word parts, what does the term endergonic mean?

A

A reaction that absorbs or requires energy

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6
Q

Most enzymes are ________.

A

proteins

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7
Q

Temperature, pH, certain ions, and regulatory measures affect the function of enzymes by

A

affecting their conformation.

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8
Q

For an enzyme follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, when [S] is doubled, ______ is/are altered. Hint: Think about constants and variables in the Michaelis-Menten equation:

V0= Vmax[S]/Km+[S]

A

neither Km nor Vmax

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9
Q

Which of the following types of regulations is non-reversible?

A

Proteolytic cleavage

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10
Q

In ____ inhibition, the structure of the inhibitor resembles the structure of the substrate of the affected enzyme.

A

competitive

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11
Q

In a pathway like the one depicted below, which enzyme is inhibited in the classic feedback inhibition process?

e1       e2        e3      e4 A ----> B <----> C <----> D ----> E
A

Enzyme 1

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12
Q

Which of the following types of regulations is typical for extracellular space?

A

Proteolytic cleavage

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13
Q

Activation of the digestive proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin is an example of _____ regulation.

A

covalent, nonreversible

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14
Q

The higher the pH, the higher the enzyme catalyzed reaction rate.

A

False

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15
Q

Warfarin, the active ingredient in the blood-thinning drug ‘Coumadin’

A

inactivates glutamate carboxylase by competitively binding instead of Vitamin K.

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16
Q

Which of the following metabolites is the point of convergence of carbohydrate, fate, and protein catabolism for the purpose of ATP production?

A

Acetyl-CoA

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17
Q

Which of the following coenzymes relies on riboflavin?

A

FAD

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18
Q

Fermentation converts NADH to NAD+ so it can be used in .

A

glycolysis

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19
Q

The sum of degradative reactions is called .

A

catabolism

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20
Q

In which of the following is carbon the most oxidized?

A

CO2

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21
Q

Anabolic pathways

A

require ATP and reduced electron carriers

22
Q

Citrate is a C___ compound.

A

6

23
Q

______________ catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups from one organic molecule to another.

A

Kinases

24
Q

In the CAC cycle, acetyl-CoA gets combined with to form citrate.

A

oxaloacetate

25
Q

In which processes is oxidation of carbon occurring? Choose the best answer.

A. Krebs cycle

B. Glycolysis

C. Beta-oxidation

D. Oxidative phosphorylation

E. PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) complex

A

A, B, C, and E

26
Q

Which of the following CANNOT be a cofactor or coenzyme?

A

a polypeptide

27
Q

Enzymes increase reaction rates by

A

lowering the activation energy.

28
Q

Based on these experimental enzyme kinetics results, what is the estimated Km?

A

2 mmol/L

29
Q

A competitive inhibitor binds

A

at the active site instead of the S.

30
Q

Vmax for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

A

is 2x the rate observed when the [S] is equal to Km.

31
Q

The linear (double-reciprocal) graph below shows a case of ________ inhibition.

A

mixed

32
Q

Feedback inhibition is an example of _______ inhibition.

A

non-covalent reversible

33
Q

Glutamate carboxylase involved in blood clotting is _______.

A

vitamin K dependent

34
Q

Which of the following describes the typical feedback inhibition the best?

A

allosteric

35
Q

Which of the following best defines the term “encephalopathy”?

A

Disease of the brain

36
Q

What does the term “polyneuropathy” refer to?

A

A disorder affecting multiple nerves

37
Q

True or False: The combining form “myel/o” can refer to the spinal cord.

A

True

38
Q

Which one of these describes the dermatome affected most by an L5-S1 disc herniation.

A

S1

39
Q

The Achilles reflex would be lost in an __ nerve root lesion.

A

S1

40
Q

Besides entrapment at the intervertebral disc by disc herniation, what other structure may be responsible for the pain syndrome called sciatica?

A

Entrapment by the piriformis muscle

41
Q

There is an orthopedic test that is well-known to be specific to diagnosis of spinal root involvement and disc herniation. What is it:

A

Tension test called the Straight Leg Raise (SLR)

42
Q

Do disc herniations always require surgery to reduce them?

A

No

43
Q

During the history, what symptoms would indicate radiculopathy? Choose all that apply.
A. Pain that is unrelieved by rest
B. Paresthesia in a cutaneous pattern
C. Muscle weakness in a peripheral nerve pattern
D. Paresthesia in a dermatomal pattern

A

A and D

44
Q

What is the significance of the endoneurium in the context of positive axonal repair? Endoneurium acts:

A

as a guide conduit for the sprouting axons

45
Q

Define Wallerian Degeneration. Choose all that apply.
A. A process at the distal stump of a damaged axon, preparing the way for axonal sprouting
B. A process organized by Schwann cells following a lesion of an axon.
C. A process only occurring in central nervous system axonal damage
D. A process involving the breakdown of the proximal stump of a damaged axon

A

A and B

46
Q

Define transneuronal degeneration.

A

When one neuron is lost, the neuron ahead or behind in the synaptic chain may also be lost

47
Q

Define axonotmesis.

A

Axonal disruption of some of the axons in a nerve, without displacement of the endoneurium

48
Q

The axon reaction refers to:

A

The total effect on the cell body due to the loss of its axon

49
Q

Describe the process of chromatolysis. Choose TWO.
A. Dispersal of the Nissl Substance
B. Displacement of the nucleus
C. Dispersal of the nucleolus
D. Dispersal of the rER

A

A and D

50
Q

Axonal sprouting of PNS axons occurs due to growth factors released from:

A

Schwann cells

51
Q

What is a neuroma? Choose all that apply.
A. Malignant tumor of neurons
B. Tissues created in a nerve affected by Neurotmesis.
C. Enlarged knot of axonal sprouts and scar tissue
D. Incomplete sprouting of axons unable to enter the endoneurial tube

A

B, C, and D

52
Q

Describe the process of recovery following axonal damage in the CNS. Choose the best single answer.

A

Neuroplasticity

Biochemistry 2 (15 decks)

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