Module 3 Unit 4 Flashcards
What does the deep fascia of the lower extremity do?
Limit expansion of muscle
Increase muscle efficiency
Promotes return of venous blood
What is the iliotibial tract made up of?
Gluteus Maximus and Tensor fascia lata
What are the compartments of the thigh?
Anterior, medial, and posterior
What are the compartments of the leg?
Anterior, Posterior, lateral
What is the innervation of the posterior leg?
Sciatic nerve of the tibial diversion
What are the hamstrings group?
Biceps femoris
- Long head
- Short head
Semitendinous
Semimembranosus
What is the innervation of the posterior leg muscles?
Tibial nerve
What are the muscles of the posterior leg?
Gastrocnmius
Soleus
- Triceps surae
Plantaris
Flexor hallicus longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Popliteus
What is the innervation of the anterior thigh muscles?
2/3 femoral nerve and 1/3 obturator nerve
What are the muscle of the anterior thigh muscles?
Pectineus
Sartorius
Quadriceps
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius
Articularis genu
Iliopsoas
What is the nerve to the iliopsoas?
Femoral
What is the origin to the iliopsoas?
Bodies of T12-L5, IVDs & TPs of L1-5
What are the muscles of the anterior leg?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicus longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius
What are the muscles of the lateral leg?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
What are the muscles in the gluteal region?
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata
Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Obturator internus
Obturator externus
Inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris
What are the lateral rotator of the hip?
Piriformis
Quadratus femoris
Obturator internus
Obturator externus
Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior
What are the origin, insertion, and innervation of the Piriformis?
O: Pelvic surface of sacrum
I: Greater trochanter
N: Nerve to piriformis
What are the origin, insertion, and innervation of the Quadratus femoris?
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Quadrate line
N: Nerve to QF
What are the origin, insertion, and innervation of the Obturator internus?
O: internal or pelvic surface of obturator
I: Greater trochanter
N: Nerve to Obturator internus
What are the origin, insertion, and innervation of the Obturator externus?
O: Rami of pubis and ischium and exerted all surface of obturator membrane
I: Greater trochanter of femur
N: Nerve to Obturator externus
What are the origin, insertion, and innervation of the Gemullus superior?
O: Spine of ischium
I: Greater trochanter
N: Nerve to Obturator Internus
What are the origin, insertion, and innervation of the Gemullus inferior?
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Greater trochanter
N: Nerve to Quadratus femoris
What are the other lateral rotators of hip?
Sartorius
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Psoas major
What is the nerve to the medial compartment of the thigh?
Obturator nerve
What are the muscles of the medial compartment?
Gracilis
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Pectineus (femoral nerve)
What are the origin, insertion, and innervation of the adductor magnus anterior and posterior portions?
Adductor/pubofemoral/anterior portion
- N: Sciatic and obturator
- O: inferior pubic ramus, ramus of ischium
- I: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, supracondylar line
- A: adducts, flexes thigh, assist medial rotation
Hamstring/ischiocondylar/ posterior portion
- N: Sciatic and obturator
- O: Ischial tuberosity
- I: Adductor tubercle
- A: extend thigh, assist lateral rotation
What are the sections of the Adductor magnus?
Adductor/pubofemoral/anterior portion
Hamstring/ischiocondylar/posterior portion
Adductor minimus
Adductor hiatus
What are the muscles of the foot?
Abductor digiti minimi
Abductor hallicus
Flexor digitorum brevis
Lumbricals
Quadratus plantae
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Adductor hallicus
Flexor hallicus brevis
Opponents digiti minimi
What are the flexors of the hip?
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
TFL
Rectus femoris
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
What are the extensors of the hip?
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings
- Biceps femoris - long head
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
Adductor Magnus
Gluteus medius
What are the adductors of the hip?
Pectinus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor Magnus
Obturator externus
Gracilis
Gluteus Maximus
What are the abductors of the hip?
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
TFL
Sartorius
*Piriformis when the hip is flexed
What are the medial rotators of the hip?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
TFL
Adductor Magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Pectineus
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
What are the lateral rotators of the hip?
Obturator externus & internus
Piriformis
Superior & Inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris
Gluteus Maximus, medius, and minimus
Sartorius
Iliopsoas
What are the flexors of the knee?
Hamstrings (short head biceps femoris)
Gracilis
Sartorius
Gastrocnemius
Popliteus
- Weakly: plantaris, TFL
What are the extensors of the knee?
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
- Weakly: TFL
What are the lateral rotation of the knee?
When knee is flexed: Biceps femoris
TFL
What are the medial rotation of the knee?
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Sartorius
Gracilis
- Popliteus when non-bearing knee is extended
What are the plantar flexion of the ankle?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis posterior
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Weakly:
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Flexor hallicus longus
- Plantaris
What are the dorsiflexion of the ankle?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallicus longus
What are inversion muscles the of the ankle?
Tibialis anterior
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallicus longus
Extensor hallicus longus
What are eversion muscles the of the ankle?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius
What is the plexus that innervates the compartments of the thigh?
Lumbar plexus ([T12] L1-L4)
What is the plexus that innervates the compartments of the leg?
Sacral plexus (L4-S4)
What is the plexus that innervates the gluteal region?
Sacral plexus (L4-S4)
What compartment does the obturator nerve innervates?
L2-4
Medial compartment of thigh
What compartment does the femoral nerve innervates? What does the femoral nerve lead into?
L2-4
Anterior compartment of the thigh mm + iliacus
Saphenous
What are the segments of the sacral and coccygeal plexuses?
L4-L5, S1-S4 (L4-S4)
What are the nerves of the anterior division of the sacral and coccygeal plexuses?
Tibial N (L4-S3)
Nerve to Obturator Interus and Superior Gellmus
Nerve to Quadrus femoris and Inferior Gellmus
Pudendal
What are the nerves of the posterior division of the sacral and coccygeal plexuses?
Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
Posterior cutaneous femoral
Nerve to Piriformis
Common fibular (L4-S2)
What are the segments of the sciatic nerve?
L4-S3
What compartment does the sciatic nerve innervates?
Posterior thigh
What are the 2 divisions of the sciatic nerve? What do they branch into?
Tibial division
- Posterior thigh mm + ischiofemoral (hamstring) portion of Adductor Magnus
— Not short head of Biceps femoris
- Tibial nerve
Fibular division
- Short head of Biceps Femoris
- Common Fibular Nerve
— Superficial Fibular nerve
— Deep Fibular nerve
What compartment of the leg does the tibial nerve innervate?
Posterior leg
What compartment of the leg does the common fibular nerve innervate? What two nerves does it split into?
Superficial fibular
- Lateral leg compartment
Deep fibular
- Anterior compartment of the leg
What is Hilton’s Law?
Nerves supplying muscles that cross a joint innervate the joint and the skin overlying the muscle
What directions do arteries direct the blood? What are the purpose? What are the walls of the arteries like?
Carries blood away from chambers of the heart
Delivery of oxygen, nutrients, hormones
Thicker wall, more elastin
What directions do veins direct the blood? What are the purpose? What are the walls of the veins like?
Carries blood towards chambers of the heart
Return of blood, metabolites, waste, carbon dioxide
Thinner wall, less elastin, more valves (promote flow in one direction)
Where does the femoral artery run?
Arises from external iliac at level of inguinal ligament, passes through femoral sheath along with femoral vein as it enters the femoral triangle.
Supplies anterior compartment of thigh
Terminates at adductor hiatus
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
Upper: Inguinal ligament
Lateral: medial border of Sartorius
Medial: medial border of adductor longus
Anterior wall (roof): fascia lata
Posterior wall (floor) from medial to lateral: adductor longus, Pectineus, iliopsoas
What structures are in the Femoral triangle?
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Lymphatics
Where is the Superficial epigastric?
Inguinal lymph nodes, skin above inguinal ligament
Where is the Superficial circumflex iliac?
Parallels inguinal ligament
Skin and superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Where is the Superficial external pudendal?
Skin of lower part of abdomen, external genitalia
Where is the deep external pudendal?
Passes across adductor longus
Skin of external genitalia
Where is the Muscular branches?
Anterior and medial compartment muscles (quads, adductors)
Where is the Profunda femoris?
Largest branch
Several smaller branches
Where is the Descending genicular branch?
Accompanies saphenous n through adductor hiatus
Supplies knee
Where is the Medial femoral circumflex?
From medial aspect of profunda
Wraps around femoral head, forms cruciate anastomosis
Supplies adductors, femoral head, hip, obturator externus
Where is the Lateral femoral circumflex?
Wraps around lateral side of femoral head/neck
Supplies Vastus lateralis
Where is the Perforating branches
Usually 3 in number
Adductor Magnus, adductors, gluteus Maximus, hamstrings (medial and posterior compartment)
Where does the popliteal artery pass through? Where does it end?
Adductor hiatus, the femoral nerve emerges posteriorly
Ends at inferior border of Popliteus and bifurcates into anterior tibial and posterior tibial
What are the branches of the popliteal artery? What do they supply?
Muscular branches: supply distal adductor Magnus and hamstrings
Sural artery: gastric, soleus, plantaris
Cutaneous: skin over the popliteal fossa
Genicular: knee joint, ligaments, Popliteus
- Superior medial
- Inferior medial
- Middle
- Superior lateral
- Inferior lateral
What compartments of the leg does the posterior tibial artery? What are the branches?
Supplies posterior and lateral compartments of leg
Branches:
- Fibular (peroneal) a: lateral compartment
- Nutrient a: supplies tibia
- Muscular branches: muscles of posterior compartment
What compartments of the leg does the anterior tibial artery? What does it run with?
Emerges anteriorly after passing through proximal IOM at head of fibula, proximal tibia
Runs with the deep fibular nerve
Where does the obturator artery run?
From internal iliac artery through obturator canal
Anterior and posterior branch
Where does the superior gluteal artery run? What does it supply?
From internal iliac artery
Gluteus Maximus, medius, minimus, TFL
Where does the inferior gluteal artery run? What does it supply?
From internal iliac artery
Contributes to cruciate anastomosis
Gluteus Maximus, piriformis, quadrus femoris
What are the superficial veins?
Great saphenous
Small saphenous
What is the longest vein in the body? Where does it run to?
Great saphenous
On medial aspect of leg and thigh
Where does the small saphenous pass around?
Lateral malleolus
