Module 3 Unit 1 Flashcards
What is the embryonic period?
The stage during which the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) develop into specific tissues and organs.
What does ‘Ect/o-‘ mean?
Outside/out
What does ‘Mes/o-‘ refer to?
Middle or midline
What does ‘Endo-‘ signify?
Within
What does ‘Derm/o-‘ mean?
Skin or layer
What comprises the axial skeleton?
Skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
From what does the axial skeleton develop?
Paraxial mesoderm, neural crest cells, and other mesodermal layers.
What does the appendicular skeleton include?
Limbs and girdles (shoulder and pelvic).
How does the appendicular skeleton develop?
From limb buds that arise from the lateral plate mesoderm.
What is the combining form for embryo?
Embry/o
What does ‘Appendic/o’ refer to?
Appendix, appendage
What does ‘Oste/o’ mean?
Bone
What does ‘Ect/o-‘ indicate in embryology?
Outside/outer
What does ‘Crani/o’ refer to?
Brain/head
What does ‘Cephal/o’ mean?
Head
What does ‘Scler/o’ mean?
Hard/sclera
What does ‘Neur/o’ refer to?
Nerve
What does ‘Membran/o’ signify?
Membrane
What does ‘Chondr/o’ mean?
Cartilage
What does ‘Viscer/o’ refer to?
Internal organs
What does the prefix ‘Intra-‘ mean?
Within
What does ‘Endo-‘ signify as a prefix?
Within
What does the prefix ‘A-‘ indicate?
Without/absence of
What does ‘Micro-‘ mean?
Small
What does the prefix ‘Epi-‘ mean?
On/upon/over
What does ‘Inter-‘ signify?
Between
What does ‘An-‘ mean?
Without/absence of
What does ‘Hypo-‘ indicate?
Below/under
What does ‘Syn-‘ mean?
Together/fusion
What does the suffix ‘-fication’ denote?
Process of making or becoming
What does the suffix ‘-ite’ refer to?
Component/segment
What does ‘-ous’ signify in medical terminology?
Pertaining to
What does ‘-derm’ mean?
Skin or layer
What does the suffix ‘-tome’ denote?
Instrument used to cut
What does the suffix ‘-ar/-ary’ signify?
Pertaining to
What does the suffix ‘-ostosis’ mean?
Formation or bone growth
What does ‘Cephalad’ refer to?
Toward the head
What is a myotome?
The part of a somite that gives rise to skeletal muscle.
What does ‘Epimere’ refer to?
The dorsal portion of myotomes that forms epaxial muscles.
What is a hypomere?
The ventral portion of myotomes that forms hypaxial muscles.
What are myoblasts?
Precursor cells that fuse to form multinucleated muscle fibers during muscle development.
What are intercalated discs?
Specialized connections between cardiac muscle cells that facilitate synchronized contraction.
What are neural crest cells (NCC)?
Cells that contribute to various structures, including parts of the skull and peripheral nervous system.
