Module 5.2 : Fetal Embryology Defintions

Question 1

Haploid

Answer 1

• single set unpaired chromosomes (23)

- a cell with 46 chromosomes divides into 2 new cells, each with 23 chromosomes (by meiosis)

Question 2

Diploid

Answer 2

• paired chromosomes

- organism with 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

Question 3

Triploid

Answer 3

• 3 complete chromosome sets (69 chromosomes)
• 2 sperms or non fully divided ovum
• lethal

Question 4

Trisomy

Answer 4

• one extra chromosome present in each cell additional to normal diploid
• trisomy 21 extra chromosome 21
  + Down syndrome
• karyotype now 47xx or xy

Question 5

Mitosis

Answer 5

• Process of nuclear division where cellular material is equally divided between both daughter cells
• All cells except gamete cells

Question 6

Meiosis

Answer 6

• process that reduces the number of chromosome in gametes to half

Question 7

Chromosome

Answer 7

• thread like nucleoprotein structure within the nucleus of the cell that contains DNA

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

• double strand nucleic acid that is constituent of chromosomes
• contains hereditary info coded in specific sequences

Question 9

Gene

Answer 9

• hereditary unit that carries hereditary traits
• for self reproducing
• the arrangement of DNA in a chromosome

Question 10

Karyotype

Answer 10

• chromosome set of an individual
• described in terms of both number of chromosomes
• representation of chromosomes set in a diagram