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Ob/Gyne > Module 3 : Physiology Of Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

Module 3 : Physiology Of Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Menarche

A

The very first menstrual flow

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2
Q

Menses

A

Regular monthly flow in reproductive years

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3
Q

Perimenopausal

A

Women at the end of her menstrual years

  • irregular cycle pattern
  • late 40s
  • 10 year duration
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4
Q

Menopause

A

When menstrual cycle ceases for 1 year

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5
Q

GnRF or GnRH

A
  • Gonadotropin releasing factor or hormone
  • produced by hypothalamus
  • stimulates anterior pituitary to produce its hormones
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6
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Control center for the menstrual cycle

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7
Q

FSH and LH

A
  • follicle stimulating hormone
  • luteinizing hormone
  • produced by BETA cells in anterior pituitary
  • known as gonadotropins
  • stimulate ovaries
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8
Q

FSH

A
  • stimulates growth of follicles

- many follicles will be stimulates but only one follicle will mature with each cycle

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9
Q

LH

A
  • Stimulates follicles but to a lesser extent compared to FSH
  • SURGE IN LH RESPONSIBLE FOR OVULATION
  • LH supports growth of corpus luteum but does not maintain it ( hCG maintains it in pregnancy)
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10
Q

Estrogen

A
  • secreted from the GRANULOSA cells lining the follicle
  • peak secretion occurs just before ovulation
  • estrogen must hit threshold so LH can surge
  • estrogen cause of proliferation of endometrium
  • responsible for secondary sex characteristics
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11
Q

Corpus luteum

A
  • after ovulation the remaining follicle become the corpus luteum
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12
Q

Progesterone

A
  • Secreted by CORPUS LUTEUM
  • peak concentration r ached 7 days after ovulation
  • induces secretory activity and hypertrophy of endometrium
  • inhibits secretion of LH
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13
Q

Relaxin

A
  • Relaxes symphysis pubis during fetal delivery
  • helps dilate the cervix to promote sperm mobility
  • dilates the cervix in labor during fetal delivery
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14
Q

Stages of the cycle

A

Menstruation: day 1-5 (first day of a show of blood)
Proliferative phase: day 6-14 (follicular phase)
Ovulation: day 14
Secretory phase: day 14-28 (luteal phase)

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15
Q

Physiology of Menstrual Cycle

A
  • day 1 is bleeding phase
  • ovarian hormone levels are low causing hypothalamus produce GnRH
  • causes pituitary to produce FSH and LH
  • GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE (primary follicle) matures by day 13 and accompany an increase in estrogen
  • estrogen hits a threshold which causes LH to surge and induces ovulation at day 14
  • Graafian follicle bursts and become corpus luteum
  • progesterone increase and estrogen decreases
  • corpus luteum regresses if no fertilization occurs and progesterone decreases
  • withdrawal of hormones causes menstruation to begin again
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16
Q

Symptoms

A
  • mittelschmerz
  • may have fluid retention or weight gain in luteal phase
  • rise in body temp at ovulation due to progesterone
17
Q

Proliferative phase - endometrium

A
  • hypoechoic halo
  • echogenic edge of endometrium
  • hypoechoic endometrium in the proliferative phase
  • apposing endometrial lining
  • THREE STRIPE PHASE
18
Q

Secretory phase - endometrium

A
  • hypoechoic halo (basal layer)

- hyperechoic endometrium

19
Q

Menstrual phase - endometrium

A
  • endometrium very thin

- may even see blood within the canal

20
Q

Postmenopausal endometrium

A
  • very thin 1-5mm
  • if greater than 5mm may be cancer
  • on HRT endometrium thicker
21
Q

Visualizing endometrium

A
  • try to get perpendicular to endometrium

- retroflexed difficult to see endometrium

22
Q

Corona radiata

A

Layer around the egg that giver nutrients

23
Q

Zona pellucida

A

Doesn’t allow more fertilization to occur after first fertilization

24
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Produce estrogen

25
Q

Cumulus oophorus

A
  • when the ovum protrudes from the wall of the follicle into the follicular fluid
  • sign that ovulation is about to occur
26
Q

Endometrial phases during menstruation

A
  • proliferative phase: spiral arterioles undergo lengthening via mitosis
  • after ovulation and with progesterone influence the endometrium become edematous
  • without fertilization the corpus luteum degenerates and estrogen and progesterone decrease
    • endo shrinks causing circulation to be cut off
    • necrosis sheds
  • with fertilization endo thickens further due to increases progesterone from corpus luteum
  • high levels of estrogen and progesterone suppress hypothalamus
27
Q

Corpus albicans

A

Forms when corpus luteum degenerates

- leaves a white scar

28
Q

Corpus fibrosum

A

When a follicle does not rupture

  • corpus luteum does not form
  • liquid gradually absorbed and the follicle regresses
  • a scar is formed

Ob/Gyne (24 decks)

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