Module 4 : Embryology Of The Femal Pelvis Flashcards
1
Q
Relationship between genital and urinary system
A
- develop at the same time
- both arise from mesoderm that initially takes form as the WOLFFIAN BODY
2
Q
XX or XY
A
- sex of embryo determined by father at fertilization
- genital tracts of both male and female are same up until 7 weeks from LMP
3
Q
Yolk sac
A
- germ cells that sex the embryo originate in the yolk sac
- differentiate from another germ cell and then migrate to the gonadal ridge ( anteromedial side of wolffian duct)
4
Q
Wolffian ducts
A
- mesonephros ( 2nd stage kidney)
- in males hormones (testes inducer) cause differentiation and growth of wolffian ducts and inhibit Müllerian duct
5
Q
Müllerian ducts
A
- paramesonephric ducts
- paired with wolffian duct
- with no male hormones the wolffian ducts regress and the Müllerian ducts are stimulated by maternal hormones (estrogens)
- forms = Fallopian tubes, uterus, proximal vagina
6
Q
Vagina origin
A
- dual origin: upper portion from the Müllerian ducts and lower portion from urogenital sinus
- if fusion is incomplete and imperforate (not permeable) hymen will result
- everyone has a hymen but supposed to be permeable
7
Q
Development of Fallopian tubes and upper vagina
A
- cranially ends of Müllerian ducts form the Fallopian tubes
- caudal ends of the ducts form the uterus and upper vagina
8
Q
Abnormal Müllerian duct development
A
- arrested development
- failure of fusion
- incomplete resorption
9
Q
Arrested development
A
- if one or both Müllerian ducts do not develop
- uterine aplasia (completely absent)
- unicornuate uterus (1/2 uterus with everything else)
- Mayer-Rokitansky- Kuster- Hauser
+ complete agenisis of uterus and vagina
+ MRKH syndrome
10
Q
Failure of fusion
A
- the Müllerian ducts develop but fail to fuse together
\+ uterus didelphys
- 2 complete systems (severe)
- has higher association with renal agenis
\+ uterus bicornis Bicollis
- 1 vag, 2cx, 2 ut
\+ uterus bicornis Unicollis
- 1 vag, 1 cx, 2 horns uterus
- bicornuate uterus
- most common seen on us
\+ uterus Arcutus
- bump in fundus outside
11
Q
Bicornuate uterus
A
- serosal indent (outside or uterus) greater than 10mm at fundus
12
Q
Incomplete resorption
A
- Müllerian ducts fuse but the septum is not reabsorped
+uterus septus
+ uterus subseptus - ost common occurring of all Müllerian anomalies
- poorest reproductive outcomes
+bad vascular supply can’t support fetus
-can be fixed
13
Q
Septate uterus
A
- serosal (outside) surface has a normal contour
- indentation of greater than 1cm of the endometrium from the fundus
- septum is entire endometrial canal
- subseptate only partially down canal
14
Q
T shaped uterus
A
- specific uterine anomaly in women exposed to DES while in embryo
- T shaped uterus means less volume meaning preterm deliveries
- can not see on us
- DES given to stop spontaneous abortion
- discontinued caused carcinoma in vagina
- used to treat seizures
15
Q
Thalidomide
A
- used to lessen morning sickness
- caused limb abnormalities
- now being used to combat aids and leprosy
