Module 5 - Plants Structure + Function

Question 1

Monocot (5)

Answer 1

Single cotyledon
Linear venation
Flowering parts sets of 3
Fibrous roots
Vascular parts arranged scattered

Question 2

Dicot (5)

Answer 2

Net like venation
Taproot
Sets of 4 and or 5 flowering parts
Vascular parts arranged in rings
Double cotyledon

Question 3

Three main types of plant tissue

Answer 3

Vascular (conduction)
Ground (packing)
Dermal (skin)

Question 4

Plant Dermal tissue

Answer 4

Outer layer of plant tissue
Epidermis
Periderm (bark)

Question 5

Epidermis

Answer 5

Tightly packed cells, leaf surface

Question 6

Periderm

Answer 6

Bark or cork cambium, replaces epidermis as plants age.

Question 7

Ground tissue and three types of:

Answer 7

Inbetween filling tissue
Nutrient storage etc 
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma (dead)

Question 8

Cortex and pith are made up of ____

Answer 8

Ground tissue.

Question 9

Companion cells

Answer 9

Helps regulate phloem transport of nutrients.

Question 10

Tracheids

Answer 10

Conducting xylem cells of gymnosperms

Question 11

Vessel elements

Answer 11

Conducting xylem cells of angiosperms.

Question 12

Phloem cell types (2)

Answer 12

Sieve tube elements

Companion cells

Question 13

Sieve tube plate

Answer 13

Connective tissue of a cell, allowing nutrient and water movement.

Question 14

Cuticle

Answer 14

Waxy layer on top of the epidermis cells.

Question 15

Mesophyl

Answer 15

Layer of different cell types inside a leaf cross section.

Question 16

Pith is made up of

Answer 16

Parenchyma

Question 17

Roots function (4)

Answer 17

Storing nutrients, nutrient uptake, moisture uptake, anchorage.

Question 18

Uptake of nutrients are take up by;

Answer 18

Active transport

Question 19

Water translocation and transpiration inside a plant

Answer 19

Cohesion and adhesion help push water up through small capillaries a term called capillarity. Eventually leaving the leaf via evaporation.

Question 20

Stromatolites opening regulation

Answer 20

Guard cells utilise ATP to move K+ ions into the cell pulling moisture inside the cell therefore expanding the cell (become more turgid) consequently enlarging the stomata opening. The production of ABA hormone from plant stress initiates reaction to pump potassium ions out of the cell and therefore closing stomata.

Question 21

Low CO2 levels initiate the stomata guard cells to ___

Answer 21

Open allowing more CO2 inside the leaf for respiration.

Question 22

Pressure-flow hypothesis

Answer 22

Sugar moves from high concentrations (sources) to low concentrations (sinks).

Question 23

What is the stamen

Answer 23

Male flower part, produces pollen, should be same number of petals.

Question 24

Filament is the ___ of a ____

Answer 24

Slender stalk of a stamen or male pollen producing flower part.

Question 25

The carpel consists of (3) parts

Answer 25

Stigma, style and ovary

Question 26

Stigma

Answer 26

Is the pollen receptacle on a female flower part named the carpel.

Question 27

Pollen grain consists of

Answer 27

Sperm and tube cell nucleus

Question 28

What part(s) of the pollen grain travels/grows down the style.

Answer 28

The tube cell grows down the style towards the ovules with the tube cell nucleus at the end of the tube (essentially driving). the sperm then follows down behind the tube cell nucleus inside the tube cell.

Question 29

Double fertilisation; | 2

Answer 29

1. One sperm fuses with the central cell and fertilises the nuclei becoming triploid endosperm (nutrients) for the seed. 2. the other sperm fuses with the egg cell and grows into the embryo (DNA) of a seed.

Question 30

Fruit develops from which part of a flower?

Answer 30

Ovary, seeds are found inside the fruit or ovule.

Question 31

Fruits function to..... (2)

Answer 31

Protect the seed | Disperse the seed

Question 32

What flower part of a peach do you eat?

Answer 32

Ovary

Question 33

Hypogeal germination in a monocot. (3 steps)

Answer 33

1. Root emerges first to get water 2. Coleoptile -sheath used to pierce soil surface 3. True leaves emerge inside the coleoptile

Question 34

Epigeal germination:

Answer 34

Hypocotyl hook, cotyledons expand outside of the soil surface.

Question 35

Six major plant hormones;

Answer 35

``` Auxins Gibberellins Cytokinins Ethylene Abscisic acid Florigens ```

Question 36

Auxins promote (4)

Answer 36

Cell elongation Bending towards light Fruit development Abscission

Question 37

Auxins inhibit (3)

Answer 37

Lateral branch formation | Inhibits root cell elongation

Question 38

Auxin uses

Answer 38

Rooting compounds. Clonex Stimulates root development of downward growth.

Question 39

Gibberellins promote (5)

Answer 39

``` Stem elongation Stimulates bud sprouting Flowering Fruit production Seed germination ```

Question 40

Cytokinins promote

Answer 40

Cell devision Stimulate shoot branching Nutrient transport in leaves

Question 41

Cytokinins inhibit (1)

Answer 41

Root lateral branching

Question 42

Ethylene promote

Answer 42

Adaptive responses to wounds Ripening of fruit Leaf fall Combines with auxin to help abscission

Question 43

Abscisic Acid promotes (3)

Answer 43

Stomatal closure Root growth The dormancy of seed

Question 44

Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits (1)

Answer 44

Shoot growth

Question 45

Photoperiodism short day plants flower when

Answer 45

When there is a long un-interrupted night period.

Question 46

Long - day plants flower when?

Answer 46

plants will flower when there is a short night time or long night with a human induced light interruption.

Question 47

Phytochrome two forms and their functions

Answer 47

Far red form - inhibits flowering in short day plants. Red form - does not inhibit short day flowering. (Far red is degraded to red light overlong in-interrupted nights)