Module 5 - Plants Structure + Function Flashcards
Monocot (5)
Single cotyledon Linear venation Flowering parts sets of 3 Fibrous roots Vascular parts arranged scattered
Dicot (5)
Net like venation Taproot Sets of 4 and or 5 flowering parts Vascular parts arranged in rings Double cotyledon
Three main types of plant tissue
Vascular (conduction)
Ground (packing)
Dermal (skin)
Plant Dermal tissue
Outer layer of plant tissue
Epidermis
Periderm (bark)
Epidermis
Tightly packed cells, leaf surface
Periderm
Bark or cork cambium, replaces epidermis as plants age.
Ground tissue and three types of:
Inbetween filling tissue Nutrient storage etc Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma (dead)
Cortex and pith are made up of ____
Ground tissue.
Companion cells
Helps regulate phloem transport of nutrients.
Tracheids
Conducting xylem cells of gymnosperms
Vessel elements
Conducting xylem cells of angiosperms.
Phloem cell types (2)
Sieve tube elements
Companion cells
Sieve tube plate
Connective tissue of a cell, allowing nutrient and water movement.
Cuticle
Waxy layer on top of the epidermis cells.
Mesophyl
Layer of different cell types inside a leaf cross section.
Pith is made up of
Parenchyma
Roots function (4)
Storing nutrients, nutrient uptake, moisture uptake, anchorage.
Uptake of nutrients are take up by;
Active transport
Water translocation and transpiration inside a plant
Cohesion and adhesion help push water up through small capillaries a term called capillarity. Eventually leaving the leaf via evaporation.
Stromatolites opening regulation
Guard cells utilise ATP to move K+ ions into the cell pulling moisture inside the cell therefore expanding the cell (become more turgid) consequently enlarging the stomata opening. The production of ABA hormone from plant stress initiates reaction to pump potassium ions out of the cell and therefore closing stomata.
Low CO2 levels initiate the stomata guard cells to ___
Open allowing more CO2 inside the leaf for respiration.
Pressure-flow hypothesis
Sugar moves from high concentrations (sources) to low concentrations (sinks).
What is the stamen
Male flower part, produces pollen, should be same number of petals.
Filament is the ___ of a ____
Slender stalk of a stamen or male pollen producing flower part.
The carpel consists of (3) parts
Stigma, style and ovary
Stigma
Is the pollen receptacle on a female flower part named the carpel.
Pollen grain consists of
Sperm and tube cell nucleus
What part(s) of the pollen grain travels/grows down the style.
The tube cell grows down the style towards the ovules with the tube cell nucleus at the end of the tube (essentially driving). the sperm then follows down behind the tube cell nucleus inside the tube cell.
Double fertilisation;
2
- One sperm fuses with the central cell and fertilises the nuclei becoming triploid endosperm (nutrients) for the seed.
- the other sperm fuses with the egg cell and grows into the embryo (DNA) of a seed.
Fruit develops from which part of a flower?
Ovary, seeds are found inside the fruit or ovule.
Fruits function to….. (2)
Protect the seed
Disperse the seed
What flower part of a peach do you eat?
Ovary
Hypogeal germination in a monocot. (3 steps)
- Root emerges first to get water
- Coleoptile -sheath used to pierce soil surface
- True leaves emerge inside the coleoptile
Epigeal germination:
Hypocotyl hook, cotyledons expand outside of the soil surface.
Six major plant hormones;
Auxins Gibberellins Cytokinins Ethylene Abscisic acid Florigens
Auxins promote (4)
Cell elongation
Bending towards light
Fruit development
Abscission
Auxins inhibit (3)
Lateral branch formation
Inhibits root cell elongation
Auxin uses
Rooting compounds.
Clonex
Stimulates root development of downward growth.
Gibberellins promote (5)
Stem elongation Stimulates bud sprouting Flowering Fruit production Seed germination
Cytokinins promote
Cell devision
Stimulate shoot branching
Nutrient transport in leaves
Cytokinins inhibit (1)
Root lateral branching
Ethylene promote
Adaptive responses to wounds
Ripening of fruit
Leaf fall
Combines with auxin to help abscission
Abscisic Acid promotes (3)
Stomatal closure
Root growth
The dormancy of seed
Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits (1)
Shoot growth
Photoperiodism short day plants flower when
When there is a long un-interrupted night period.
Long - day plants flower when?
plants will flower when there is a short night time or long night with a human induced light interruption.
Phytochrome two forms and their functions
Far red form - inhibits flowering in short day plants.
Red form - does not inhibit short day flowering.
(Far red is degraded to red light overlong in-interrupted nights)
