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CCEP > Module 5: Foot and Gait > Flashcards

Module 5: Foot and Gait Flashcards

1
Q

what initiates the supination process from pronation

A

heel strike

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2
Q

functions of the foot

A
  1. ) adapt to terrain
  2. ) shock absorption
  3. ) stability control
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3
Q

what is normal foot angle

A

4-6 degrees in varus

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4
Q

what is foot neutral

A

it is the central point from which ligaments have enough motion to adapt to terrain 4-6 degrees

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5
Q

neutral is

A

congruency of talo-navicular joint

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6
Q

what does the foot being forced to exceed 4-6 degrees do

A

excessive pronation and sometimes excess supination and therefore tears and stretches of ligaments

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7
Q

muscle that control excessive pronation is

A

posterior tibia

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8
Q

primary nerve supply to posterior tibia is

A

L5

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9
Q

walking force on feet

A

1-3x bw

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10
Q

running force on feet

A

3-5x bw

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11
Q

jumping force on feet

A

5-7x bw

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12
Q

pronation of the foot involves

A

dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction

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13
Q

supination of the foot involves

A

plantarflexion, adduction, and inversion

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14
Q

supination is created by the

A

windlass effect

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15
Q

the joints can only raise if the

A

joints can glide and respond to the tightening of the plantar fascia during heel raise

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16
Q

limitation of dorsiflexion of the big toe is

A

functional hallux limitus

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17
Q

pronation happens naturally as result

A

of leg and body moving over the foot due to the 45 degree average angle between talus and calcaneous

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18
Q

supination begins as

A

heel raises from the ground

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19
Q

what does pronation do to the spine

A

pulls the spine toward pronated side of body by pulling on the psoas

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20
Q

supination does what to the low back

A

unloads tug on psoas, therefore releasing lumbar spine pull

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21
Q

controls blood supply to acetabulum

A

L2

22
Q

muscle that flexes knee first 15 degrees off the ground

A

popliteus

23
Q

popliteus is supplied by what nerve root

A

L5

24
Q

popliteus does what to the knee

A

internal rotation

25
Q

foot being stuck in pronation causes what to tibia

A

increased internal rotation, closing the joint space and breaking down medial meniscus

26
Q

foot stuck in supination causes what to tibia

A

increased external rotation, closing the joint space and breaking down lateral meniscus

27
Q

pronation is what percent of gait

A

40%

28
Q

swing phase is what percent of gait

A

40%

29
Q

supination is what percentage of gait

A

20%

30
Q

stance/contact is

A

60%

31
Q

swing is

A

40%

32
Q

stance/contact phase is made up of

A

27% contact, 40% midstance, and 30% propulsion

33
Q

pronation begins at

A

heel strike

34
Q

supination begins at

A

heel raise

35
Q

shin splints according to Hearon is

A

muscle imbalance between gastroc-soleus and anterior tibia muscle

36
Q

posterior tibia does

A

planatflexion

37
Q

ability of some materials to generate an electric potential in response to applied mechanical stress

A

pizoelectric effect

38
Q

avulsion of the malleolus is more likely than what in extreme eversion sprain

A

deltoid ligament tear

39
Q

how many bones in the foot

A

26

40
Q

primary shock absorber of the body

A

foot pronation

41
Q

what is considered normal with navicular drop test

A

9-11mm

42
Q

what is abnormal for navicular drop test

A

15mm+

43
Q

function of the midfoot

A

allows accommodation to uneven surfaces upon walking and gives support while standing

44
Q

medial navicular is based off of what muscle test

A

posterior tibialis

45
Q

anterior cuboid is based off of what muscle test

A

peroneals

46
Q

neuroma most commonly affects what heads

A

3rd and 4th metatarsals

47
Q

most common midfoot subluxation

A

posterior tarsal

48
Q

tibia varum

A

bow legged

49
Q

tibia valgum

A

knock knees

50
Q

when uncontrolled pronation occurs during the gait cycle, what can happen

A

shin splints

CCEP (11 decks)

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