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CCEP > Module 3: LE Part 1 > Flashcards

Module 3: LE Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

forces on feet while walking

A

1-3 times bodyweight

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2
Q

forces on feet while running

A

3-5 times bodyweight

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3
Q

forces on feet while jumping

A

5-7 times (some say 7-11 times)

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4
Q

how to increase joint shock absoprtion

A

increase surface area of mass of striking object and increase time to bottom out

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5
Q

joint glide up and down is slowed by

A

eccentric contraction of posterior tibialis

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6
Q

amount of energy absorbed before fracture

A

impact strength

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7
Q

windlass effect is responsible for

A

supination of foot and external rotation of contact leg

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8
Q

involuntary effect that normally raises the longitudinal tarsal arch as foot moves up and over the toes

A

windlass effect

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9
Q

windlass effect externally rotates

A

tibia and femur

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10
Q

raising the big toe on patient makes

A

whole limb externally rotate and arch of foot to raise in supination

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11
Q

functional hallux limitus aka

A

limited dorsiflexion/limited windlass effect

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12
Q

dorsiflexion great toe without load normal angle

A

70-90 degrees

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13
Q

weight bearing great toe dorsiflexion

A

35 degrees

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14
Q

what makes up the midtarsal joint

A

calcaneocuboid and talonavicular

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15
Q

what causes plantar fascitis

A

arch does not raise and joints dont glide, then toes bend and tighten

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16
Q

80% of plantar fascia originates on

A

medial tubercle

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17
Q

pronation occurs as

A

leg and body move over the foot

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18
Q

two bones that initiate pronation

A

talus and calcaneous

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19
Q

what does the talar head do during pronation

A

moves medially from a vertical position over head of the calcaneus, to a position horizontal to the head of the calcaneus

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20
Q

average angle of talar motion is

A

45 degrees

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21
Q

pronation of foot causes

A

medial rotation of tibia and femur, pelvis rocked forward, and spine to lean to that side

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22
Q

supination begins

A

as heel raises from the ground

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23
Q

what starts the windlass effect

A

leg and body forward motion

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24
Q

how does the talar head move compared to the calcaneal head

A

superior and vertical

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25
Q

primary shock absorber of the body

A

foot pronation

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26
Q

shock is absorbed by what kind of pronation

A

rapid

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27
Q

shock is absorbed by eccentric contraction of post tib slowing lowering of longitudinal arch

A

normal step

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28
Q

secondary shock absorber of the body

A

knee

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29
Q

popliteus flexes knee its first

A

15 degrees from full extension

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30
Q

nerve root of popliteus is

A

L5

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31
Q

can the popliteus effectively bend the knee if heel strike is pronated

A

no because popliteus is internal rotator and the leg is already internally rotated

32
Q

action of posterior tibialis

A

contract in order to decelerate the subtalar joint pronation

33
Q

if subtalar joint is pronated at heel strike, psoterior tibialis will

A

exert its contraction force proximally instead of distally (shin splints)

34
Q

internal rotation increases stress on

A

anterior horn of meniscus

35
Q

heel fat pad typically does what with age

A

decreases

36
Q

stress fractures occur due to

A

stress no longer attenuated by the kinetic chain

37
Q

ability to pronate is compromised by fixations in the

A

knee or feet or subluxation of the spine

38
Q

how long does it take for stress fx to heal

A

6-8 weeks, will feel better in 2 weeks barring activity

39
Q

painful palpation of sustenaculum tali due to

A

spring ligament stress due to arch not working

40
Q

key to medial arch

A

talus->naviculum->1st cuneiform

41
Q

pulley for fibularis longus

A

cuboid

42
Q

fulcrum for plantar fascia and flexor hallucis longus

A

1st ray sesamoid

43
Q

sensations to joint involve

A

pain and position

44
Q

Type IV mechanoreceptors

A

nociception, activate sympathetic nervous system

45
Q

neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when joint dysfunction inhibits the muscles that surround the joint

A

arthrogenic inhibition

46
Q

how long does it take for plastic deformation to occur if joints out of place

A

3-6 months

47
Q

when plastic deformation occurs, what happens

A

tissues are elongated and no longer activate with inhibition response

48
Q

the importance of mechanoreceptors with an adjustment

A

removes stretch in the muscles, tendons, ligaments, and capsules and no loner inhibits activity of muscles stretched around that joint

49
Q

stance/contact phase of gait cycle takes up

A

62% of full cycle

50
Q

swing phase of gait cycle takes up

A

38% of full cycle

51
Q

moment heel contacts ground until forefoot makes contact with ground

A

heel strike

52
Q

forefoot drops to fully contact plantar surface of foot with ground

A

midstance

53
Q

what can cause weakness during muscle testing

A

nerve, injury, pain, TrP

54
Q

other than weakness, what indicates a problem

A

shaking, ratcheting, lack of coordination, recruiting

55
Q

blood supply to acetabular joint is controlled by

A

L2

56
Q

what subluxations are correlated with DJD of hip

A

L2 and L5

57
Q

what can mimic short legs

A

pelvic torque, hyperpronation, anterior talus

58
Q

what to look for with hip problems

A 
L2/L5
subluxation of hip
adhesions of hip
referral from upper lumbar/lower thoracic
piriformis
59
Q

motion related clinical disorder of the hip with a triad of symptoms, clinical signs, and imaging findings.

A

FAI Syndrome

60
Q

primary symptom of FAI syndrome

A

motion or position related pain in the hip or groin

61
Q

symptoms in addition to pain for FAI Syndrome

A

clicking, catching, locking, stiffness, restricted ROM, or giving away

62
Q

most common sign for FAI syndrome for ortho testing

A

flexion adduction internal rotation (FADIR) is sensitive but not specific

63
Q

conservative tx for FAI Syndrome

A

education, watchful waiting, lifestyle and activity modification, NSAIDS, steroid shots

64
Q

Tx of PT for FAI Syndrome includes

A

hip stability, NM control, strength, ROM, and movement patterns

65
Q

injury in the inguinal area that is usually caused by activities, especially when twisting/turning at high speeds

A

athletic pubalgia

66
Q

most common patients to get athletic pubalgia

A

soccer, tennis, hockey

67
Q

normal hip internal rotation

A

35-40 degrees

68
Q

normal hip external rotation

A

70-90 degrees

69
Q

hip joint subluxates in what two ways

A

internal and external rotation

70
Q

signs/symptoms of femur subluxations

A
  1. ) socket limp with dull ache
  2. )early muscle fatigue in involved leg
  3. ) limited ROM of hip during passive and active motions in 90+90 positions
  4. ) tenderness at anterior greater trochanter (internal rotation)
  5. ) tenderness at post greater trochanter (ext rotation)
71
Q

occurs often with people who run on banked roads or trails

A

TFL syndromr

72
Q

Nerve roots of TFL/IT Band

A

L4/L5

73
Q

controls blood supply to acetabular socket and controls rectus femoris

A

L3, L3

74
Q

function of rectus femoris

A

flexes the hip and extends the knee (only 2 joint muscle of the quad group)

75
Q

L5, S1, S2 nerve root

A

piriformis

76
Q

L1, L2, L3 nerve roots

A

psoas

77
Q

what affects the length of the psoas

A

rotation of femur which can also affect pelvis, lumbar stability, and curve

CCEP (11 decks)

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