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CCEP > Module 2: Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Module 2: Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

what do you need to take into consideration when looking at MOI

A
  1. ) Forces involved
  2. ) position of joint (closed vs open)
  3. ) time of episode
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2
Q

MOI for humeral fractures

A

direct blow
fall on upper arm
fall on outstretched hand

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3
Q

S&S of scapular fractures

A 
minimal displacement
local hemmorrhage
pain and tenderness
reluctant to move arm
comfort when adducted
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4
Q

little league shoulder is

A

fracture at proximal humeral epiphysis (Salter Harris)

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5
Q

what causes little league shoulder

A

repetitive medial rotation and adduction traction forces

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6
Q

S&S of little league shoulder

A

acute pain with forceful pitch

pain with deep palpation of structures

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7
Q

what do we adjust for

A

to improve proprioception and motor system

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8
Q

what do mechanoreceptors inhibit under extreme conditions

A

adjacent muscular activity- typically strength change from 5 to 3 or less

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9
Q

mechanoreceptors set tension in muscle via

A

alpha and gamma efferent nerve fibers

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10
Q

causes relaxation with stretch (autogenic inhibition)

A

golgi tendon

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11
Q

causes inhibition of muscle function

A

nociception

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12
Q

process whereby tight muscle causes decreased neural drive to antagonist

A

reciprocal inhibition

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13
Q

most common cervical spine injury that refers to the upper extremity

A

cervical burner aka brachial plexus stretch neuropraxia

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14
Q

MOI of cervical burner

A

S down &/or back, often head other way, producing stretch of plexus

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15
Q

cervical burner symptoms

A

sharp pain burning in neck that radiates down into arm/hands

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16
Q

spinal cord pinched by two opposing vertebral bodies

A

transient quadriplegia

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17
Q

spinal canal of less than 14mm or less

A

high risk for transient quadriplegia

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18
Q

symptoms of cervical disk herniation

A

pain, motor weakness, sensory disturbances, and decreased reflexes

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19
Q

vocal changes, raspy throat over 2 weeks in duration

A

pancoast tumor

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20
Q

how many types of TOS are there

A

4

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21
Q

4 types of TOS

A
  1. costoclavicular
  2. cervical rib
  3. scalenus anticus
  4. hyperabduction/pec minor
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22
Q

TOS is most commonly

A

vascular

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23
Q

neurological TOS can demonstrate as

A

aching pain
pins and needles
numbness in lateral and posterior neck

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24
Q

venous TOS can represent as

A

edema, stiffness, cyanosis

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25
Q

artery TOS can represent as

A

coolness of arm
numbness in entire arm
fatigue with overhead activity

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26
Q

what can cause costoclavicular syndrome

A

narrowing of costoclavicular interval leading to compression of subclavian artery and brachial plexus

27
Q

compression of what nerve is typical for cervical rib TOS

A

ulnar nerve

28
Q

elongation of what muscles causes compression, thus forming TOS?

A

scalene anticus

29
Q

hyperabduction TOS aka

A

pectoralis minor syndrome

30
Q

what causes pectoralis minor syndrome

A

contraction of pec minor causes draw of coracoid process which stretches neurovascular bundle underneath it and compress it

31
Q

what can cause pec minor syndrome

A

sleep or work overhead for long time

32
Q

what should you check and adjust for TOS

A

SC, AC, ribs, cervical spine, and anterior dorsals

33
Q

what exercises can help with TOS

A

scapular stabilizers

34
Q

upper 6 ribs move like

A

bucket handle

35
Q

lower 6 ribs move like

A

calipers/pincers

36
Q

musculoskeletal pain located at superomedial border otf the scapula resulting from the pull of levator scap muscle

A

scapulocostal syndrome

37
Q

stretch of levator scap from carrying bags

A

travelers syndrome

38
Q

how many TRUE JOINTS of shoulder girdle

A

3 (according to Hearon)

39
Q

what fibers stabilize the SC joint

A

Sharpys fibers

40
Q

height difference of 5 mm or more of SC joint indicates

A

SC joint separation

41
Q

SC sprain is commonly injured from

A

direct blow or trauma

42
Q

1st degree SC sprain signs and symptoms

A

mild pain over joint

no deformity

43
Q

2nd degree SC sprain signs and symptoms

A

bruising, swelling, pain, decreased ROM

44
Q

3rd degree SC sprain

A

displacement of proximal clavicle, severe pain with load

45
Q

what amount of SC adjustments help with injury

A

90-99% simply fixed

46
Q

RMT for SC joint

A

pectoralis major clavicular branch

47
Q

inferior SC joint correction angle

A

15 degrees

48
Q

superior SC joint correction angle

A

30 degrees

49
Q

anterior SC joint correction angle

A

0 degrees

50
Q

stress test of SC joint

A

push up

51
Q

how long under care for SC joint until refer to ortho

A

6 weeks

52
Q

space of how much in the AC joint indicates clavicular ligamentous disruption

A

1.3 cm

53
Q

how many AC joint cases are unstable

A

70%

54
Q

Horizon sign indicates

A

grade 2 or greater separation has occurred

55
Q

grade 2 AC joint sprain causes

A

clavicle to move inferior on coracobrachialis muscle test

56
Q

5 scapula stabilizers

A
  1. trapezius
  2. rhomboids
  3. levator scap
  4. serratus anterior
  5. pectoralis minor
57
Q

height difference of what causes unstable shoulder

A

15mm

58
Q

cervicobrachial compressions syndrome

A

scapula high on side of involvement

59
Q

cervicobrachial traction syndrome

A

scapula low on side of involvement

60
Q

suprascapular nerve supplies

A

supraspinatus and infraspinatus

61
Q

posterior humerus may cause

A

axillary nerve entrapment

62
Q

axillary nerve supplies

A

teres major/minor

63
Q

most common scapulothoracic adjustments

A

inferior and medial

CCEP (11 decks)

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