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CCEP > Module 2: Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Module 2: Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

what do you need to take into consideration when looking at MOI

A
  1. ) Forces involved
  2. ) position of joint (closed vs open)
  3. ) time of episode
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2
Q

MOI for humeral fractures

A

direct blow
fall on upper arm
fall on outstretched hand

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3
Q

S&S of scapular fractures

A 
minimal displacement
local hemmorrhage
pain and tenderness
reluctant to move arm
comfort when adducted
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4
Q

little league shoulder is

A

fracture at proximal humeral epiphysis (Salter Harris)

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5
Q

what causes little league shoulder

A

repetitive medial rotation and adduction traction forces

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6
Q

S&S of little league shoulder

A

acute pain with forceful pitch

pain with deep palpation of structures

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7
Q

what do we adjust for

A

to improve proprioception and motor system

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8
Q

what do mechanoreceptors inhibit under extreme conditions

A

adjacent muscular activity- typically strength change from 5 to 3 or less

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9
Q

mechanoreceptors set tension in muscle via

A

alpha and gamma efferent nerve fibers

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10
Q

causes relaxation with stretch (autogenic inhibition)

A

golgi tendon

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11
Q

causes inhibition of muscle function

A

nociception

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12
Q

process whereby tight muscle causes decreased neural drive to antagonist

A

reciprocal inhibition

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13
Q

most common cervical spine injury that refers to the upper extremity

A

cervical burner aka brachial plexus stretch neuropraxia

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14
Q

MOI of cervical burner

A

S down &/or back, often head other way, producing stretch of plexus

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15
Q

cervical burner symptoms

A

sharp pain burning in neck that radiates down into arm/hands

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16
Q

spinal cord pinched by two opposing vertebral bodies

A

transient quadriplegia

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17
Q

spinal canal of less than 14mm or less

A

high risk for transient quadriplegia

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18
Q

symptoms of cervical disk herniation

A

pain, motor weakness, sensory disturbances, and decreased reflexes

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19
Q

vocal changes, raspy throat over 2 weeks in duration

A

pancoast tumor

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20
Q

how many types of TOS are there

A

4

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21
Q

4 types of TOS

A
  1. costoclavicular
  2. cervical rib
  3. scalenus anticus
  4. hyperabduction/pec minor
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22
Q

TOS is most commonly

A

vascular

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23
Q

neurological TOS can demonstrate as

A

aching pain
pins and needles
numbness in lateral and posterior neck

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24
Q

venous TOS can represent as

A

edema, stiffness, cyanosis

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25
artery TOS can represent as
coolness of arm numbness in entire arm fatigue with overhead activity
26
what can cause costoclavicular syndrome
narrowing of costoclavicular interval leading to compression of subclavian artery and brachial plexus
27
compression of what nerve is typical for cervical rib TOS
ulnar nerve
28
elongation of what muscles causes compression, thus forming TOS?
scalene anticus
29
hyperabduction TOS aka
pectoralis minor syndrome
30
what causes pectoralis minor syndrome
contraction of pec minor causes draw of coracoid process which stretches neurovascular bundle underneath it and compress it
31
what can cause pec minor syndrome
sleep or work overhead for long time
32
what should you check and adjust for TOS
SC, AC, ribs, cervical spine, and anterior dorsals
33
what exercises can help with TOS
scapular stabilizers
34
upper 6 ribs move like
bucket handle
35
lower 6 ribs move like
calipers/pincers
36
musculoskeletal pain located at superomedial border otf the scapula resulting from the pull of levator scap muscle
scapulocostal syndrome
37
stretch of levator scap from carrying bags
travelers syndrome
38
how many TRUE JOINTS of shoulder girdle
3 (according to Hearon)
39
what fibers stabilize the SC joint
Sharpys fibers
40
height difference of 5 mm or more of SC joint indicates
SC joint separation
41
SC sprain is commonly injured from
direct blow or trauma
42
1st degree SC sprain signs and symptoms
mild pain over joint | no deformity
43
2nd degree SC sprain signs and symptoms
bruising, swelling, pain, decreased ROM
44
3rd degree SC sprain
displacement of proximal clavicle, severe pain with load
45
what amount of SC adjustments help with injury
90-99% simply fixed
46
RMT for SC joint
pectoralis major clavicular branch
47
inferior SC joint correction angle
15 degrees
48
superior SC joint correction angle
30 degrees
49
anterior SC joint correction angle
0 degrees
50
stress test of SC joint
push up
51
how long under care for SC joint until refer to ortho
6 weeks
52
space of how much in the AC joint indicates clavicular ligamentous disruption
1.3 cm
53
how many AC joint cases are unstable
70%
54
Horizon sign indicates
grade 2 or greater separation has occurred
55
grade 2 AC joint sprain causes
clavicle to move inferior on coracobrachialis muscle test
56
5 scapula stabilizers
1. trapezius 2. rhomboids 3. levator scap 4. serratus anterior 5. pectoralis minor
57
height difference of what causes unstable shoulder
15mm
58
cervicobrachial compressions syndrome
scapula high on side of involvement
59
cervicobrachial traction syndrome
scapula low on side of involvement
60
suprascapular nerve supplies
supraspinatus and infraspinatus
61
posterior humerus may cause
axillary nerve entrapment
62
axillary nerve supplies
teres major/minor
63
most common scapulothoracic adjustments
inferior and medial

CCEP (11 decks)

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