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CCEP > Module 3: Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

Module 3: Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

dorsiflexion of talus spreads

A

malleloi

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2
Q

more plantarflexion causes

A

more instability

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3
Q

what supports the tibia

A

superior aspect of the talus

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4
Q

3 ligaments of the foot that creates lateral collateral ligament

A
  1. ) Anterior Talofibular Ligament
  2. ) Calcaneofibular
  3. ) Posterior Talofibular
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5
Q

most injured tendon due to plantar flexion and inverson sprain

A

anterior talofibular

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6
Q

second most commonly injured ligament

A

calcaneofibular

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7
Q

talus typically subluxates

A

anterior with ankle sprain

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8
Q

why is there limited dorsfilexion

A

jamming of condyle against anterior tibial ridge

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9
Q

80% of ankle sprains are

A

inversion

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10
Q

what muscles are attached to the talus

A

none

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11
Q

DDX of subluxated talus

A

short achilles/tight calf
congenital anomaly
anterior tibial bone spur
patency of dorsal pedal artery

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12
Q

signs indicating an adjustment of the talus

A

limited dorsiflexion

shallow anterior talar fossa to palpation

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13
Q

what does a plantarflexion inversion sprain/strain create

A

antero-medial talus

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14
Q

what side is the doctor on for anterior medial talus

A

opposite side of involvement

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15
Q

anterolateral talus doctor position

A

on same side of involvement

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16
Q

aka’s for ankle joint

A

talocrural
ankle
tibiotalar
mortise

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17
Q

what adjustment works well with shin splints

A

talocrural AP

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18
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome presentation

A

burning, sharp pain, or paresthesia in sole of foot
intermittent complaints with standing, walking, running
positive tinel sign

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19
Q

what can cause tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

repetitive hyperflexion/hyperextension
post traumatic fibrosis from sprain
ganglion
abnormal biomechanics and/or tightening of the flexor retinaculum or arch of abductor hallucis

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20
Q

how many bones in teh foot

A

26

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21
Q

what is the talus responsible for

A

medial foot motion during pronation and supination

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22
Q

talus is keystone of

A

medial longitudinal arch

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23
Q

what is the keystone fo transverse arch

A

2nd cuneiform

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24
Q

keystone to lateral longitudinal arch

A

cuboid

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25
Q

what makes up the rear foot

A

talus and calcaneous

26
Q

what makes up the midfoot

A

metatarsals and phalanges

27
Q

when is the interosseous talocrural ligament tight

A

during inversion

28
Q

subtalar axis is

A

45 degrees to the floor in neutral position

29
Q

closed chain motion of subtalar joint on pronation

A

calcaneous everts, talus adducts and plantarflexes, leg internall rotates and shortens

30
Q

closed chain of subtalar motion on supination

A

calcaneous inverts, talus dorsiflex and abducts, leg externally rotates, knee extends

31
Q

when the ankle is neutral, what is the position of calcaneous and sustenaculum tali?

A

vertical calcaneous

horizontal sustenaculum tali

32
Q

signs that indicate the adjustment of talocalcaneal joint

A

fixation upon motion
hypermobility
pain @ calcaneotibial/spring ligament
pain @ calcaneofibular/calcaneocuboid ligament

33
Q

if problem with inversion/eversion

A

adjust calceneous

34
Q

if problem with ab/adduction

A

adjust cuboid

35
Q

MOI for medial calcaneous

A

weak heel counters
chronic repetitive trauma of running/jumping
severe ankle sprains

36
Q

MOI for lateral calcaneous adjustments

A

hyperpronation

eversion ankle sprains

37
Q

inversion/eversion is what kind of stroke to the heel?

A

J strokeq

38
Q

what kind of stroke is for abduction/adduction?

A

shallow U stroke

39
Q

what would an xray indicate for anterior navicular, cuneiforms, or met bases

A

raise of 2mm+ from the anterior talus head

40
Q

most common mechanism of anterior navicular, cuneiforms, or met bases

A

stepping on something, kicking a hard object, or poor supporting shoes

41
Q

most common midfoot subluxation

A

posterior tarsals

42
Q

what can you NOT do when adjusting posterior tarsals?

A

plantarflex

43
Q

anterior (superior) cuboid needs what kind of thrust

A

z axis

44
Q

thickest and shortest metatarsal

A

first metatarsal

45
Q

what metatarsal bears weights readily

A

2nd metatarsal due to length

46
Q

function of metatarsals

A

locking tarsals in full pronation, assist supination as fulcrum for plantar fascia

47
Q

normal range of motion for dorsiflexion for FHL

A

70-90

48
Q

normal ROM for FHL under load

A

35 degrees or 1/3

49
Q

less than 35 degrees of FHL dorsiflexion causes

A

block of normal windlass effect and supination

50
Q

4 stages of hallux limitus/rigidus

A
  1. ) functional
  2. ) early joint adaptation
  3. ) established arthrosis
  4. ) ankylosis
51
Q

causes of hallux limitus/rigidus

A

biomechanical, post-traumatic, structural, iatrogenic, other

52
Q

when can we work with hallux limitus

A

stage 1 and 2

53
Q

surgical procedure performed to remove bone spurs from base of big toe

A

cheilectomy

54
Q

normal glide with metatarsals and phallanges

A

5mm superior and inferior

55
Q

when are orthotics prescribed

A

when foot is not within range of motion, even with correction of foot subluxations

56
Q

dorsiflexor tendons go to

A

anterior to malleoli

57
Q

plantarflexion tendons go

A

behind malleoli

58
Q

what muscle controls plantarflexion and inversion

A

L5, posterior tibialis

59
Q

peroneous brevis and longus affects

A

S1, plantarflexion and eversion

60
Q

dorsiflexion and eversion controlled by

A

peroneus tertius/extensor digitorum longus

61
Q

2 main reasons for casting and ordering orthotics after adjusting the feet

A
  1. ) Angles of varus/valgus often change

2. ) better assessment, the better chance of acceptance and excellent results for patient

CCEP (11 decks)

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