Module 5 Flashcards
Nucleus
is bounded by a double membrane and contains the materials needed to control all parts of the cell.
Replication
The process in which DNA can be used to make a copy of itself.
Translation
the conversion of an RNA code to protein
Reverse Transcription
uses RNA as a template to make DNA.
Chromatin
Unspooled loose DNA strands
Antiparallel
DNA strand has a double helix and one goes up while the other goes down. two strands with the same code but going opposite directions.
What does DNA always read?
5’ to 3’
Chromatin
when storage of genetic tissue is packed loosely. You can USE it.
Chromosomes
When storage of genetic tissue is packed tightly. Not going to use it, just move or package it. DNA must be divided between 2 daughter cells.
The Central Dogma
DNA—transription—-RNA—-translation—-Protein
Retroviruses
using the central dogma backwards, takes RNA and builds DNA from it.
Reverse transcription
Carry the code for an enzyme that converts RNA to DNA.
DNA consists of?
2 antiparallel strands
RNA consists of ?
1 strand
mRNA
Messenger RNA. Very stable, allows for transcriptional control of protein production. Carries the coded message.
rRNA
ribosomal RNA. More stable. With proteins, forms ribosomes (protein factories); small and large subunits.
tRNA
transfer RNA. Also stable, “trucks” (transfers) to bring amino acids to the growing protein strand.
Which enzyme is used to build RNA?
RNA Polymerase
Intron
piece of DNA that is not useful and gets snipped and deleted. Garbage
Promoter
site where RNA synthesis is started. Segment of DNA that will eventually code for a protein. Start transcription.
Terminator
Site where RNA synthesis is stopped. Stop transcription.
Exons
Good stuff. Useful in transcription.
snRNP
is the RNA editor. recognizes what is and isn’t needed.
Codon
a sequence of mRNA bases that codes for a protein.
Anticodon
the complementary sequence of tRNA bases
