Module 2 Flashcards
Name an important element required for muscle contraction and bone integrity?
Calcium
Name an element that is vital to the formation of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins?
Carbon
Name an element that is responsible for the activity of many enzymes (molecules that increase the rate of chemical reactions)?
Magnesium
A substance that releases hydrogen ions in solution is a/an:
Acid
Which element is a component of some vitamins and many proteins?
Sulfur
Which element is a metal and a component of hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying molecule in the blood)?
Iron
Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that retains the ____ of an element.
Characteristics
This element is vital for the storage of energy (ATP).
Phosphorus
T/F- Iodine is an anion? Be careful; this is a though-provoking question.
False (Iodide)
Identify the constituent atoms and number of atoms for H20?
Hydrogen 2 Oxygen 1
Substances with two or more different elements are classified as_____.
Compounds and molecules
The physical state of matter that has a definite shape with tightly packed atoms/molecules is a ____.
Solid
The physical state of matter that has an indefinite volume with independent, widely spaced atoms/molecules is a ____.
Gas
A body at rest with the ability to move has ___ energy.
Potential
A body in motion is an example of ___ energy.
Kinetic
The physical state of matter that has an indefinite shape and definite volume with mobile molecules is a ____.
Liquid
Chemical reactions that build through chemical bonding are?
Anabolic
Chemical reactions that deconstruct chemical bonds are?
Catabolic
Endergonic chemical reactions require more ____ input than they will provide output.
Energy
____-gonic reactions release more energy than they consume.
Exer
Measurement of disorder in a system is called?
Entrophy
1.000 cal/g’C of water is also known as the ____ of water.
Specific Heat
Considering the mass of the human body, “H”, “O”, “___” , and “C” are the four most abundant elements.
Hydrogen
Name the elements for the following atomic symbols: FE, NA, K, AU, AG, and Cu.
Iron, Sodium, Potassium, Gold, Silver, Copper
The neutral subatomic particle of the nucleus of an atom is called a ___.
Neutron
Electrons have a ____ charge.
Negative
Protons have a ____ charge.
Positive
Changing the number of ___will result in the formation of an isotope.
Neutrons
The atomic number is equal to the number of ____ in an atom.
Protons
Adding the number of protons and neutrons together equals the ___ number.
Mass
Giving, taking and/or sharing of ___ is responsible for chemical bonds.
Electrons
Elements get their charge by losing or gaining?
Electrons
Radioisotopes occur when there are more ____ in the nucleus than can be supported.
Neutrons
An alpha particle is a ___.
Helium pg 73
beta particles are ____ expelled at high energy from radioactive atoms or a beta emitter.
Electrons
High-energy photons are associated with ___-rays and ____ rays.
X and Gamma
Define an ion?
Elements gaining or losing an electron.
Define an cation?
Somebody positive. (more protons than electrons)
An atom or a molecule containing an unpaired electron is called a ___.
Free radical
An atom that gains an electron is an____.
Anion (negative charge)
Name the following polyatomic ions: OH-, HCO3-, and NH4+
Hydroxide, bicarbonate, and ammonium
The chemical formula for sodium bicarbonate is ___.
NaCo3
Name the compound, KOH.
Potassium Hydroxide
A polar covalent bond occurs due to the ____sharing of electrons between two non-metals.
Partial or unequal
Covalent bonds tend to be ___ than ionic or hydrogen bonds.
Stronger
Ionic bonds are formed when there is an attraction between a ___ and an ___.
cation, ion or metal and nonmetal
The hydrogen atom in a water molecule has a partial positive charge. Why?
Water expresses a covalent bond. (its more negative)
Due to extensive hydrogen bonding between water molecules, water molecules, water exhibits a high____.
Surface tension.
H and O2 atoms are bound together inside cells as?
Water
What type of bonds are formed due to the Equal sharing of electrons between two nonmetals?
Nonpolar Covalent
A substance referred to as a ____ reduces surface tension.
Surfactant
A ___ consists of particles large enough to scatter light, but too large to pass through a dialysis membrane. The particle also remain dispersed in the medium.
Colloids pg 98
A solution with a high H+ concentration is considered to be?
Acidic
A solution with a high OH- concentration is considered to be?
Basic (Alkaline)
A solution without H+ or OH- is considered to be a?
Salt
Weak acids do not completely ___ in water.
Dissolve
Buffers maintain ____ balance within the body.
PH
The most important buffering system in the body is the ____/_____ buffering system.
Carbonic acid and Bicarbon ion H2CO3 pg 107
On the pH scale, a solution with a pH of 7.0 has ___ concentrations of H+ and OH-.
Equal
compare the following pH values and determine which is most acidic (3,4,5,6,7)
3
A solution with a pH above 7.0 would be considered?
Basic (alkaline)
Of the following pH values which has the highest concentration of OH- ions (2,5,7,13)?
13
Oxygen
Symbol: (O)
part of water and many organic (carbon-containing) molecules
Carbon
Symbol: (C)
Forms backbone chains and rings of all organic molecules: Carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, nucleic acids.
Hydrogen
Symbol: (H)
Constituent of water and most organic molecules; ionized form (H+) makes body fluids more acidic.
Nitrogen
Symbol: (N)
Component of all proteins and nucleic acids
Calcium
Symbol: (Ca)
Contributes to hardness of bones and teeth; ionized form (Ca++) needed for blood clotting, release of some hormones, contraction of muscle.
Phosphorus
Symbol: (P)
Component of nucleic acids and ATP (molecules used to store chemical energy), required for normal bone and tooth structure.
Potassium
Symbol: (K) Ionized form (K+) is the most plentiful cation (positively-charged particle) inside cells; needed for nerve activity.
Sulfur
Symbol: (S)
Component of some vitamins and many proteins
Sodium
Symbol: (Na) Ionized form (Na+) is the most plentiful cation in extracellular fluid; essential for maintaining water balance, needed for nerve activity.
Chlorine
Symbol: (Cl) Ionized form (Cl-) is thee most plentiful anion (negatively-charged particle) in extracellular fluid; essential for maintaining water balance.
Magnesium
Symbol: (Mg) Ionized form (Mg++) needed for many enzymes (molecules that increase the rate of chemical reactions in organisms)
Iron
Symbol: (Fe) Ionized forms (Fe++ and Fe+++) are part of hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells) and some enzymes.
Molecules
2 or more atoms sharing electrons jointed by a chemical compound. Can be two atoms that are the same or different. O2 and H20.
Compound
molecule that contains atoms of different elements.
All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds
Electrons
Mass is zero
orbits around the nucleus
Has a Negative charge
Protons
Forms in the Nucleus with neutrons.
Positive charge
Weight is 1
Neutrons
Form in the nucleus with protons
Weight is 1
Has NO charge
State the order of wave radiation from most harmful to not?
Gamma rays X-rays Ultraviolet Visible Infrared Microwaves Radio Waves (shortwave,am radio, long radio)
Name and element in the body that plays a major role in Neuron firing?
K+ NA+ Ca++ Mg+
Name and element in the body that places a major role in teeth and bone structure?
Ca++ phos
Name an element in the body that plays a major role in RBC function?
Iron
Name an element in the body that places a major role in protein structure?
N C Sulfur
Name a major element in the body that plays a major role in water balance?
Na+ K+ Cl-
What is an Isotope?
Element with varying number of Neutrons
First electron shell Always has how many electrons?
2
Hydrogen ion
H+
cation
common ion in the body
Sodium ion
Na+
cation
common ion in the body
Potassium ion
K+
cation
common ion in the body
Ammonium ion
NH4+
cation
common ion in the body
Magnesium ion
Mg2+
cation
common ion in the body
Calcium ion
Ca2+
cation
common ion in the body
Iron (II) ion
Fe2+
cation
common ion in the body
Iron (III) ion
Fe3+
cation
common ion in the body
Fluoride ion
F-
Anion
common ion in the body
Chloride ion
Cl-
Anion
common ion in the body
Iodide ion
I-
Anion
common ion in the body
Hydroxide ion
OH-
Anion
common ion in the body
BIcarbonate ion
HCO3-
Anion
common ion in the body
Oxide ion
O2-
Anion
common ion in the body
Sulfate ion
SO42-
Anion
common ion in the body
Phosphate ion
PO43-
Anion
common ion in the body
Attraction between 2 slight Positive and negative charges?
Hydrogen bond
Bond Strengths in order from weakest to strongest?
Hydrogen (partial charges) Ionic (pos or neg) Single double triple covalent
Solution
The whole thing of what you have made.
Solvent
Liquid, what is the bigger quantity
Solute
would be the sugar and powder in Koolaid
dissolve sugar in water, sugar is the solute, water is the solvent and it forms a sugar solution.
Acid
A substance which dissolves in water, releasing H+ as a cation (positive ion) and some anion (negative ion)
Base
A substance that dissolves in water, releasing any cation (positive ion) and OH- as an anion (negative ion)
Salt
a substance which dissolves in water and releases ions. Neither ion is H+ nor OH-.
NaCl, KCl, and CaCO3
Name the major elements?
Oxygen (o)
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Nitrogen (N)
What are the lesser elements?
Calcium (Ca) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Sulfur (S) Sodium (Na) Chlorine (Cl) Magnesium (Mg) Iron (Fe)
