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Bio Med > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name an important element required for muscle contraction and bone integrity?

A

Calcium

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2
Q

Name an element that is vital to the formation of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins?

A

Carbon

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3
Q

Name an element that is responsible for the activity of many enzymes (molecules that increase the rate of chemical reactions)?

A

Magnesium

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4
Q

A substance that releases hydrogen ions in solution is a/an:

A

Acid

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5
Q

Which element is a component of some vitamins and many proteins?

A

Sulfur

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6
Q

Which element is a metal and a component of hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying molecule in the blood)?

A

Iron

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7
Q

Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that retains the ____ of an element.

A

Characteristics

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8
Q

This element is vital for the storage of energy (ATP).

A

Phosphorus

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9
Q

T/F- Iodine is an anion? Be careful; this is a though-provoking question.

A

False (Iodide)

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10
Q

Identify the constituent atoms and number of atoms for H20?

A

Hydrogen 2 Oxygen 1

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11
Q

Substances with two or more different elements are classified as_____.

A

Compounds and molecules

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12
Q

The physical state of matter that has a definite shape with tightly packed atoms/molecules is a ____.

A

Solid

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13
Q

The physical state of matter that has an indefinite volume with independent, widely spaced atoms/molecules is a ____.

A

Gas

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14
Q

A body at rest with the ability to move has ___ energy.

A

Potential

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15
Q

A body in motion is an example of ___ energy.

A

Kinetic

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16
Q

The physical state of matter that has an indefinite shape and definite volume with mobile molecules is a ____.

A

Liquid

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17
Q

Chemical reactions that build through chemical bonding are?

A

Anabolic

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18
Q

Chemical reactions that deconstruct chemical bonds are?

A

Catabolic

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19
Q

Endergonic chemical reactions require more ____ input than they will provide output.

A

Energy

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20
Q

____-gonic reactions release more energy than they consume.

A

Exer

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21
Q

Measurement of disorder in a system is called?

A

Entrophy

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22
Q

1.000 cal/g’C of water is also known as the ____ of water.

A

Specific Heat

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23
Q

Considering the mass of the human body, “H”, “O”, “___” , and “C” are the four most abundant elements.

A

Hydrogen

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24
Q

Name the elements for the following atomic symbols: FE, NA, K, AU, AG, and Cu.

A

Iron, Sodium, Potassium, Gold, Silver, Copper

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25
Q

The neutral subatomic particle of the nucleus of an atom is called a ___.

A

Neutron

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26
Q

Electrons have a ____ charge.

A

Negative

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27
Q

Protons have a ____ charge.

A

Positive

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28
Q

Changing the number of ___will result in the formation of an isotope.

A

Neutrons

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29
Q

The atomic number is equal to the number of ____ in an atom.

A

Protons

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30
Q

Adding the number of protons and neutrons together equals the ___ number.

A

Mass

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31
Q

Giving, taking and/or sharing of ___ is responsible for chemical bonds.

A

Electrons

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32
Q

Elements get their charge by losing or gaining?

A

Electrons

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33
Q

Radioisotopes occur when there are more ____ in the nucleus than can be supported.

A

Neutrons

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34
Q

An alpha particle is a ___.

A

Helium pg 73

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35
Q

beta particles are ____ expelled at high energy from radioactive atoms or a beta emitter.

A

Electrons

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36
Q

High-energy photons are associated with ___-rays and ____ rays.

A

X and Gamma

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37
Q

Define an ion?

A

Elements gaining or losing an electron.

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38
Q

Define an cation?

A

Somebody positive. (more protons than electrons)

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39
Q

An atom or a molecule containing an unpaired electron is called a ___.

A

Free radical

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40
Q

An atom that gains an electron is an____.

A

Anion (negative charge)

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41
Q

Name the following polyatomic ions: OH-, HCO3-, and NH4+

A

Hydroxide, bicarbonate, and ammonium

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42
Q

The chemical formula for sodium bicarbonate is ___.

A

NaCo3

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43
Q

Name the compound, KOH.

A

Potassium Hydroxide

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44
Q

A polar covalent bond occurs due to the ____sharing of electrons between two non-metals.

A

Partial or unequal

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45
Q

Covalent bonds tend to be ___ than ionic or hydrogen bonds.

A

Stronger

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46
Q

Ionic bonds are formed when there is an attraction between a ___ and an ___.

A

cation, ion or metal and nonmetal

47
Q

The hydrogen atom in a water molecule has a partial positive charge. Why?

A

Water expresses a covalent bond. (its more negative)

48
Q

Due to extensive hydrogen bonding between water molecules, water molecules, water exhibits a high____.

A

Surface tension.

49
Q

H and O2 atoms are bound together inside cells as?

A

Water

50
Q

What type of bonds are formed due to the Equal sharing of electrons between two nonmetals?

A

Nonpolar Covalent

51
Q

A substance referred to as a ____ reduces surface tension.

A

Surfactant

52
Q

A ___ consists of particles large enough to scatter light, but too large to pass through a dialysis membrane. The particle also remain dispersed in the medium.

A

Colloids pg 98

53
Q

A solution with a high H+ concentration is considered to be?

A

Acidic

54
Q

A solution with a high OH- concentration is considered to be?

A

Basic (Alkaline)

55
Q

A solution without H+ or OH- is considered to be a?

A

Salt

56
Q

Weak acids do not completely ___ in water.

A

Dissolve

57
Q

Buffers maintain ____ balance within the body.

A

PH

58
Q

The most important buffering system in the body is the ____/_____ buffering system.

A

Carbonic acid and Bicarbon ion H2CO3 pg 107

59
Q

On the pH scale, a solution with a pH of 7.0 has ___ concentrations of H+ and OH-.

A

Equal

60
Q

compare the following pH values and determine which is most acidic (3,4,5,6,7)

A

3

61
Q

A solution with a pH above 7.0 would be considered?

A

Basic (alkaline)

62
Q

Of the following pH values which has the highest concentration of OH- ions (2,5,7,13)?

A

13

63
Q

Oxygen

A

Symbol: (O)

part of water and many organic (carbon-containing) molecules

64
Q

Carbon

A

Symbol: (C)

Forms backbone chains and rings of all organic molecules: Carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, nucleic acids.

65
Q

Hydrogen

A

Symbol: (H)

Constituent of water and most organic molecules; ionized form (H+) makes body fluids more acidic.

66
Q

Nitrogen

A

Symbol: (N)

Component of all proteins and nucleic acids

67
Q

Calcium

A

Symbol: (Ca)
Contributes to hardness of bones and teeth; ionized form (Ca++) needed for blood clotting, release of some hormones, contraction of muscle.

68
Q

Phosphorus

A

Symbol: (P)
Component of nucleic acids and ATP (molecules used to store chemical energy), required for normal bone and tooth structure.

69
Q

Potassium

A 
Symbol: (K) 
Ionized form (K+) is the most plentiful cation (positively-charged particle) inside cells; needed for nerve activity.
70
Q

Sulfur

A

Symbol: (S)

Component of some vitamins and many proteins

71
Q

Sodium

A 
Symbol: (Na) 
Ionized form (Na+) is the most plentiful cation in extracellular  fluid; essential for maintaining water balance, needed for nerve activity.
72
Q

Chlorine

A 
Symbol: (Cl) 
Ionized form (Cl-) is thee most plentiful anion (negatively-charged particle) in extracellular fluid; essential for maintaining water balance.
73
Q

Magnesium

A 
Symbol: (Mg) 
Ionized form (Mg++) needed for many enzymes (molecules that increase the rate of chemical reactions in organisms)
74
Q

Iron

A 
Symbol: (Fe) 
Ionized forms (Fe++ and Fe+++) are part of hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells) and some enzymes.
75
Q

Molecules

A

2 or more atoms sharing electrons jointed by a chemical compound. Can be two atoms that are the same or different. O2 and H20.

76
Q

Compound

A

molecule that contains atoms of different elements.

All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds

77
Q

Electrons

A

Mass is zero
orbits around the nucleus
Has a Negative charge

78
Q

Protons

A

Forms in the Nucleus with neutrons.
Positive charge
Weight is 1

79
Q

Neutrons

A

Form in the nucleus with protons
Weight is 1
Has NO charge

80
Q

State the order of wave radiation from most harmful to not?

A 
Gamma rays
X-rays
Ultraviolet
Visible
Infrared 
Microwaves 
Radio Waves (shortwave,am radio, long radio)
80
Q

Name and element in the body that plays a major role in Neuron firing?

A

K+ NA+ Ca++ Mg+

81
Q

Name and element in the body that places a major role in teeth and bone structure?

A

Ca++ phos

82
Q

Name an element in the body that plays a major role in RBC function?

A

Iron

83
Q

Name an element in the body that places a major role in protein structure?

A

N C Sulfur

84
Q

Name a major element in the body that plays a major role in water balance?

A

Na+ K+ Cl-

85
Q

What is an Isotope?

A

Element with varying number of Neutrons

86
Q

First electron shell Always has how many electrons?

A

2

87
Q

Hydrogen ion

A

H+
cation
common ion in the body

88
Q

Sodium ion

A

Na+
cation
common ion in the body

89
Q

Potassium ion

A

K+
cation
common ion in the body

90
Q

Ammonium ion

A

NH4+
cation
common ion in the body

91
Q

Magnesium ion

A

Mg2+
cation
common ion in the body

92
Q

Calcium ion

A

Ca2+
cation
common ion in the body

93
Q

Iron (II) ion

A

Fe2+
cation
common ion in the body

94
Q

Iron (III) ion

A

Fe3+
cation
common ion in the body

95
Q

Fluoride ion

A

F-
Anion
common ion in the body

96
Q

Chloride ion

A

Cl-
Anion
common ion in the body

97
Q

Iodide ion

A

I-
Anion
common ion in the body

98
Q

Hydroxide ion

A

OH-
Anion
common ion in the body

99
Q

BIcarbonate ion

A

HCO3-
Anion
common ion in the body

100
Q

Oxide ion

A

O2-
Anion
common ion in the body

101
Q

Sulfate ion

A

SO42-
Anion
common ion in the body

102
Q

Phosphate ion

A

PO43-
Anion
common ion in the body

103
Q

Attraction between 2 slight Positive and negative charges?

A

Hydrogen bond

104
Q

Bond Strengths in order from weakest to strongest?

A 
Hydrogen (partial charges)
Ionic (pos or neg) 
Single 
double 
triple 
covalent
105
Q

Solution

A

The whole thing of what you have made.

106
Q

Solvent

A

Liquid, what is the bigger quantity

107
Q

Solute

A

would be the sugar and powder in Koolaid

dissolve sugar in water, sugar is the solute, water is the solvent and it forms a sugar solution.

108
Q

Acid

A

A substance which dissolves in water, releasing H+ as a cation (positive ion) and some anion (negative ion)

109
Q

Base

A

A substance that dissolves in water, releasing any cation (positive ion) and OH- as an anion (negative ion)

110
Q

Salt

A

a substance which dissolves in water and releases ions. Neither ion is H+ nor OH-.
NaCl, KCl, and CaCO3

111
Q

Name the major elements?

A

Oxygen (o)
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Nitrogen (N)

112
Q

What are the lesser elements?

A 
Calcium (Ca)
Phosphorus (P)
Potassium (K)
Sulfur (S)
Sodium (Na)
Chlorine (Cl)
Magnesium (Mg) 
Iron (Fe)

Bio Med (9 decks)

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