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Bio Med > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of structure. on/up/backwards/through/towards

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of Function. includes homeostasis,keeps the body in balance.

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s many regulatory processes.

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4
Q

Embryology

A

first 8 weeks of development

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5
Q

Developmental Biology

A

All stages of development

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6
Q

Cell Biology

A

Cell structure and function

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7
Q

Histology

A

Microscopic structure of tissues

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8
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

Surface markings of the body

Observed visualization and palpation (perception of touch)

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9
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Structures viewed without a microscope (naked eye)

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10
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

Structure of specific systems

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11
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

Specific regions of the body

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12
Q

Radiographic Anatomy

A

Body structures visualized with x-ray, CT, or MRI (i.e. tumors)

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13
Q

Pathological Anatomy

A

Structural changes with disease (microscopic and gross level)

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14
Q

Neurophysiology

A

Functional properties of nerve cells

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15
Q

Endocrinology

A

Hormones and how they control body functions

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16
Q

Cardiovascular physiology

A

moves blood around. Function of the heart and blood vessels

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17
Q

Immunology

A

How the body defends itself against disease causing agents (i.e. t cells, b cells and lymphnodes)

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18
Q

Respiratory physiology

A

Functions of the air passageways and lungs

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19
Q

Renal physiology

A

Functions of the kidneys (getting rid of waste)

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20
Q

Exercise physiology

A

Changes in cell and organ functions as a result of muscular activity

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21
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Functional changes associated with disease and aging

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22
Q

Levels of organization

A 
Chemical 
Cellular 
Tissue 
Organ
System
Organism
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23
Q

Integumentary (skin)

A

Protects the body, helps regulate body temperature, eliminates some wastes, helps make Vitamin D, detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and cold.

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24
Q

Skeletal

A

Supports and protects the body, provides a surface area for muscle attachments, aids body movements, houses cells that produce blood cells, stores minerals and lipids (fats)

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25
Q

Muscular

A

Produces body movements, such as walking, stabilizes body position (posture), generates heat.

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26
Q

Nervous

A

Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities, detects changes in the body’s internal and external environments, interprets the changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.

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27
Q

Endocrine

A

Regulates body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers transported in the blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target organ.

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28
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Heart pumps blood through blood vessels, blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids, blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels.

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29
Q

Lymphatic

A

Returns proteins and fluid to blood, carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood, includes structures where lymphocytes (type of white blood cells) that protect against disease causing microbes mature and proliferate.

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30
Q

Respiratory

A

Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air, helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids, air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds.

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31
Q

Digestive

A

Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food, absorbs nutrients and water, eliminates sold wastes.

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32
Q

Urinary

A

Produces, stores, and eliminates urine, eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood, helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids, maintains body’s mineral balance, helps regulate production of red blood cells.

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33
Q

Reproductive

A

Gonads (ovaries and testes) produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism; gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes; associated organs transport and store gametes. Only organ system that is completely different between two genders.

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34
Q

Physiology is the study of ____.

A

Function

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35
Q

Describe the human anatomical position.

A

Subject stands erect facing observer w/head level, eyes facing forward, feet flat on floor….

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36
Q

A person eats 1 dozen Krispy Kremes. Blood sugar goes up. Pancreas secrets insulin, thereby lowering the blood sugar. What type of feedback does this represent?

A

Negative

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37
Q

Anatomically, the descending aorta is ____ to the liver.

A

superior

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38
Q

The right lumbar region is lateral to the ____ region.

A

Umbilical

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39
Q

The right lumbar regional is inferior to the ____region.

A

Right Hypochondria

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40
Q

Which cavity within the ventral cavity has anterior body protection?

A

Thoracic

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41
Q

Hepatomegaly (liver enlargement) would be evident in primarily which quadrant?

A

RUQ

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42
Q

Anatomically, the tibia is to the fibula as the ulna is to the ___.

A

Radius

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43
Q

How many micrometers (10 -6) are equal to one millimeter (10 -3)?

A

1,000

44
Q

A patient weighs 100 lbs; how many kg do they weigh?

A

45 kg

45
Q

The diaphragm is inferior to the ____.

A

lungs or thoracic cavity

46
Q

From general to specific, which cavities are the kidneys in?

A

Ventral, abdominal, retroperitrineal

47
Q

One pound equals how many grams?

A

453.6 grams

48
Q

The lobes of the thyroid gland are anterior and lateral to the ____.

A

Trachea

49
Q

The orbital region describes an area with which structures?

A

eyes

50
Q

True or False, in the human anatomical position, the palms of the hands are facing posteriorly?

A

False

51
Q

Write 10,000 as an exponent.

A

10 4

52
Q

Which branch of anatomy describes the relationship of disease on structures?

A

Pathological anatomy

53
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Maintains eternal balance.

54
Q

Cells are to tissues as organs are to ____.

A

systems or organ systems

55
Q

Which system of the body is responsible for physically and chemically breaking down nutrients?

A

digestive

56
Q

If someone was suffering from appendicitis, they would commonly complain of pain in which quadrant?

A

RLQ Mcbernie’s point

57
Q

Which system of the body is responsible for temperature regulation and provides sensory information from external environmental stimuli?

A

Integumentary or nervous system

58
Q

The right and left lumbar regions would contain large sections of which digestive organ?

A

Large intestine or colon

59
Q

The left ovary would be found in which quadrant?

A

LLQ

60
Q

What is the directional term to describe “closest to midline?”

A

medial

61
Q

How many micrometers are in one centimeter

A

10,000

62
Q

The posterior boundary of the mediastinum is/are teh?

A

vertebral column (thoracic vertebrae)

63
Q

The lateral boundary of the pleural cavities is/are the ___?

A

ribs

64
Q

The plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves is the____.

A

Midsagittal

65
Q

A coronal plane divides the body into ___ and___ sections

A

Anterior and posterior

66
Q

Anatomically, the orbital region is to the buccal region as the heart is to the ____.

A

Stomach

67
Q

Anatomically, the kidneys are ____ to the liver and stomach.

A

Posteriorly

68
Q

Compared to the arms, the thorax and abdomen are ___.

A

Medial

69
Q

What is the difference between microscopic anatomy and gross anatomy?

A

Gross-naked eye

Microscopic- with a microscope

70
Q

From general to specific, which cavities contain the heart?

A

ventral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial

71
Q

The plantar region contains the structures forming the ____ of the feet?

A

Sole

72
Q

Which system of the body provides posture, movement, and generation of heat?

A

Muscular

73
Q

Which system of the body contains the pituitary, pacreas, and adrenal glands to control metabolic activity and multiple organ systems?

A

Endocrine

74
Q

Which system of the body regulates body temperature and delivery of blood to tissues?

A

Cardiovasular

75
Q

True or false, the esophagus is located within the mediastinum?

A

True

76
Q

Which subdivision of anatomy studies organism development from conception to the 8th week of gestation?

A

Embryology

77
Q

Which subdivision of anatomy uses x-rays and magnetic fields to provide anatomical images?

A

radiographic

78
Q

Anatomically, the patella is ____ to the tibia but ____ to the femur.

A

proximal

distal

79
Q

The bladder is ____ to the liver and stomach.

A

inferior

80
Q

Which system of the body drains fluid from tissues and provides structures and cells for a quality immune response?

A

Lymphatic

81
Q

Digital is to antebrachial as patellar is to ____.

A

Proximal

82
Q

Metacarpal is to carpal as tarsal is to ____.

A

tib-fib

83
Q

Structures on opposite sides of the midline are ____.

A

Contralateral

84
Q

What term describes the superficial layer of a serious membrane that lines a body cavity?

A

Perietal

85
Q

Anatomically, the greater omentum is ____ to teh small intestine?

A

Anterior or superficial

86
Q

The spleen is located in the ____ quadrant.

A

LUQ

87
Q

What type of feedback mechanism reinforces a stimulus?

A

Positive

88
Q

How many milliliters are there in 2 quarts of milk?

A

1892

89
Q

1.5 meters is how many feet?

A

4.9 ft

90
Q

What is the largest organ in the mediastinum?

A

Heart

91
Q

Histology is to tissues as cytology is to?

A

Cells

92
Q

Describe the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

A

Anatomy is the structure and physiology is the function

93
Q

32 oz is how many millimeters?

A

960

94
Q

Swelling, redness, rashes, fever, etc are examples of:

A

Signs (Doctor)

95
Q

Nausea, pain, headache, malaise, etc are examples of:

A

Symptoms (patient)

96
Q

Define a syndrome?

A

Combination of signs

97
Q

The term of elevated blood pressure?

A

Hypertension

98
Q

What is in the RUQ?

A

Liver and gallbladder

99
Q

What is in the LUQ?

A

stomach, spleen and left kidney

100
Q

What is in the RLQ?

A 
Cecum (where small intestine meets large) 
appendix 
Right ovary (if female)
101
Q

LLQ

A

left ovary (if a woman)

101
Q

Connective tissue

A

Holds the structure of the body

102
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Collects, uses, and sends out information

103
Q

Superficial

A

Toward the surface

104
Q

Deep

A

Toward the core

105
Q

Parietal

A

Membrane surface closest to the cavity wall (further away)

106
Q

Visceral

A

Membrane surface closest to the organ inside the cavity

Bio Med (9 decks)

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