Module 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Anatomy
A
study of structure. on/up/backwards/through/towards
2
Q
Physiology
A
Study of Function. includes homeostasis,keeps the body in balance.
3
Q
Homeostasis
A
condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s many regulatory processes.
4
Q
Embryology
A
first 8 weeks of development
5
Q
Developmental Biology
A
All stages of development
6
Q
Cell Biology
A
Cell structure and function
7
Q
Histology
A
Microscopic structure of tissues
8
Q
Surface Anatomy
A
Surface markings of the body
Observed visualization and palpation (perception of touch)
9
Q
Gross Anatomy
A
Structures viewed without a microscope (naked eye)
10
Q
Systemic Anatomy
A
Structure of specific systems
11
Q
Regional Anatomy
A
Specific regions of the body
12
Q
Radiographic Anatomy
A
Body structures visualized with x-ray, CT, or MRI (i.e. tumors)
13
Q
Pathological Anatomy
A
Structural changes with disease (microscopic and gross level)
14
Q
Neurophysiology
A
Functional properties of nerve cells
15
Q
Endocrinology
A
Hormones and how they control body functions
16
Q
Cardiovascular physiology
A
moves blood around. Function of the heart and blood vessels
17
Q
Immunology
A
How the body defends itself against disease causing agents (i.e. t cells, b cells and lymphnodes)
18
Q
Respiratory physiology
A
Functions of the air passageways and lungs
19
Q
Renal physiology
A
Functions of the kidneys (getting rid of waste)
20
Q
Exercise physiology
A
Changes in cell and organ functions as a result of muscular activity
21
Q
Pathophysiology
A
Functional changes associated with disease and aging
22
Q
Levels of organization
A
Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ System Organism
23
Q
Integumentary (skin)
A
Protects the body, helps regulate body temperature, eliminates some wastes, helps make Vitamin D, detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and cold.
24
Q
Skeletal
A
Supports and protects the body, provides a surface area for muscle attachments, aids body movements, houses cells that produce blood cells, stores minerals and lipids (fats)
25
Muscular
Produces body movements, such as walking, stabilizes body position (posture), generates heat.
26
Nervous
Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities, detects changes in the body's internal and external environments, interprets the changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.
27
Endocrine
Regulates body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers transported in the blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target organ.
28
Cardiovascular
Heart pumps blood through blood vessels, blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids, blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels.
29
Lymphatic
Returns proteins and fluid to blood, carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood, includes structures where lymphocytes (type of white blood cells) that protect against disease causing microbes mature and proliferate.
30
Respiratory
Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air, helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids, air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds.
31
Digestive
Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food, absorbs nutrients and water, eliminates sold wastes.
32
Urinary
Produces, stores, and eliminates urine, eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood, helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids, maintains body's mineral balance, helps regulate production of red blood cells.
33
Reproductive
Gonads (ovaries and testes) produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism; gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes; associated organs transport and store gametes. Only organ system that is completely different between two genders.
34
Physiology is the study of ____.
Function
35
Describe the human anatomical position.
Subject stands erect facing observer w/head level, eyes facing forward, feet flat on floor....
36
A person eats 1 dozen Krispy Kremes. Blood sugar goes up. Pancreas secrets insulin, thereby lowering the blood sugar. What type of feedback does this represent?
Negative
37
Anatomically, the descending aorta is ____ to the liver.
superior
38
The right lumbar region is lateral to the ____ region.
Umbilical
39
The right lumbar regional is inferior to the ____region.
Right Hypochondria
40
Which cavity within the ventral cavity has anterior body protection?
Thoracic
41
Hepatomegaly (liver enlargement) would be evident in primarily which quadrant?
RUQ
42
Anatomically, the tibia is to the fibula as the ulna is to the ___.
Radius
43
How many micrometers (10 -6) are equal to one millimeter (10 -3)?
1,000
44
A patient weighs 100 lbs; how many kg do they weigh?
45 kg
45
The diaphragm is inferior to the ____.
lungs or thoracic cavity
46
From general to specific, which cavities are the kidneys in?
Ventral, abdominal, retroperitrineal
47
One pound equals how many grams?
453.6 grams
48
The lobes of the thyroid gland are anterior and lateral to the ____.
Trachea
49
The orbital region describes an area with which structures?
eyes
50
True or False, in the human anatomical position, the palms of the hands are facing posteriorly?
False
51
Write 10,000 as an exponent.
10 4
52
Which branch of anatomy describes the relationship of disease on structures?
Pathological anatomy
53
Define homeostasis
Maintains eternal balance.
54
Cells are to tissues as organs are to ____.
systems or organ systems
55
Which system of the body is responsible for physically and chemically breaking down nutrients?
digestive
56
If someone was suffering from appendicitis, they would commonly complain of pain in which quadrant?
RLQ Mcbernie's point
57
Which system of the body is responsible for temperature regulation and provides sensory information from external environmental stimuli?
Integumentary or nervous system
58
The right and left lumbar regions would contain large sections of which digestive organ?
Large intestine or colon
59
The left ovary would be found in which quadrant?
LLQ
60
What is the directional term to describe "closest to midline?"
medial
61
How many micrometers are in one centimeter
10,000
62
The posterior boundary of the mediastinum is/are teh?
vertebral column (thoracic vertebrae)
63
The lateral boundary of the pleural cavities is/are the ___?
ribs
64
The plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves is the____.
Midsagittal
65
A coronal plane divides the body into ___ and___ sections
Anterior and posterior
66
Anatomically, the orbital region is to the buccal region as the heart is to the ____.
Stomach
67
Anatomically, the kidneys are ____ to the liver and stomach.
Posteriorly
68
Compared to the arms, the thorax and abdomen are ___.
Medial
69
What is the difference between microscopic anatomy and gross anatomy?
Gross-naked eye
| Microscopic- with a microscope
70
From general to specific, which cavities contain the heart?
ventral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial
71
The plantar region contains the structures forming the ____ of the feet?
Sole
72
Which system of the body provides posture, movement, and generation of heat?
Muscular
73
Which system of the body contains the pituitary, pacreas, and adrenal glands to control metabolic activity and multiple organ systems?
Endocrine
74
Which system of the body regulates body temperature and delivery of blood to tissues?
Cardiovasular
75
True or false, the esophagus is located within the mediastinum?
True
76
Which subdivision of anatomy studies organism development from conception to the 8th week of gestation?
Embryology
77
Which subdivision of anatomy uses x-rays and magnetic fields to provide anatomical images?
radiographic
78
Anatomically, the patella is ____ to the tibia but ____ to the femur.
proximal
| distal
79
The bladder is ____ to the liver and stomach.
inferior
80
Which system of the body drains fluid from tissues and provides structures and cells for a quality immune response?
Lymphatic
81
Digital is to antebrachial as patellar is to ____.
Proximal
82
Metacarpal is to carpal as tarsal is to ____.
tib-fib
83
Structures on opposite sides of the midline are ____.
Contralateral
84
What term describes the superficial layer of a serious membrane that lines a body cavity?
Perietal
85
Anatomically, the greater omentum is ____ to teh small intestine?
Anterior or superficial
86
The spleen is located in the ____ quadrant.
LUQ
87
What type of feedback mechanism reinforces a stimulus?
Positive
88
How many milliliters are there in 2 quarts of milk?
1892
89
1.5 meters is how many feet?
4.9 ft
90
What is the largest organ in the mediastinum?
Heart
91
Histology is to tissues as cytology is to?
Cells
92
Describe the relationship between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy is the structure and physiology is the function
93
32 oz is how many millimeters?
960
94
Swelling, redness, rashes, fever, etc are examples of:
Signs (Doctor)
95
Nausea, pain, headache, malaise, etc are examples of:
Symptoms (patient)
96
Define a syndrome?
Combination of signs
97
The term of elevated blood pressure?
Hypertension
98
What is in the RUQ?
Liver and gallbladder
99
What is in the LUQ?
stomach, spleen and left kidney
100
What is in the RLQ?
```
Cecum (where small intestine meets large)
appendix
Right ovary (if female)
```
101
LLQ
left ovary (if a woman)
101
Connective tissue
Holds the structure of the body
102
Nervous tissue
Collects, uses, and sends out information
103
Superficial
Toward the surface
104
Deep
Toward the core
105
Parietal
Membrane surface closest to the cavity wall (further away)
106
Visceral
Membrane surface closest to the organ inside the cavity
