module 49-51: therapy approaches

Question 1

what is the goal of the psychoanalytic model?

Answer 1

being people’s unconscious thoughts into consciousness

help people relieve energy related to conflicts with ego, id, or superego

Question 2

who is the influential thinker behind the psychoanalytic model?

Answer 2

Sigmund Freud

Question 3

name some techniques that are associated with the psychoanalytic model.

Answer 3

free association( say whatever comes to mind),

historical reconstruction, interpretation of dreams,

transference ( transfer feelings to psychoanalyst, that was originally directed towards parent or a loved one)

Question 4

who is the influential thinker behind the humanistic model?

Answer 4

Carl Rogers

Question 5

what is the rationale behind the humanistic model?

Answer 5

most people possess resources towards personal growth.

Question 6

what are the goals of the humanistic model?

Answer 6

• self-actualization ( reaching one’s full potential)
• reduce inner conflicts that interfere with growth
• self-awareness

Question 7

what are some techniques associated with the humanistic model?

Answer 7

• person-centered therapy
• taking responsibility for feelings and actions
• unconditional positive regard

Question 8

what is the rationale behind the cognitive model?

Answer 8

we actively construct our experiences by what we think of them

Question 9

what is the goal of the cognitive model?

Answer 9

• teach, new more adaptive ways of thinking

Question 10

what are techniques associated with the cognitive model?

Answer 10

• ## help the client to evaluate and challenge causal attributions that are maladaptive

Question 11

explain Aaron Beck’s cognitive theory for depression.

Answer 11

• argued that people who have depression have negative biases in their interpretation of events
• depression caused by maladaptive thoughts
• challenging ANTS ( automatic negative thoughts)

Question 12

describe group therapy.

Answer 12

• saves time and money
• helps social skills
• relate to other people who have the same problems

Question 13

what is the goal of family therapy?

Answer 13

• open up communication within the family

- help family members discover and use conflict resolution strategies

Question 14

what is the rationale behind group therapy?

Answer 14

an individual’s problems are always rooted in interpersonal systems ( family systems, and systems involving other people)

Question 15

describe art therapy.

Answer 15

• not a diagnostic tool, would be too biased
• when used holistically, it can be informative
• helps establish cognitive developmental level in children

Question 16

describe smith glass’s perspective on whether psychotherapy is effective or not.

Answer 16

• yes, 80% of untreated people have poorer outcomes than the average treated person.
• there are negligible differences in how effective each therapy type is.

Question 17

what is the most common type of biomedical therapy?

Answer 17

psychopharmacology

Question 18

how do drugs change neurotransmitter activity?

Answer 18

• drugs change the neurotransmission at the synapse ( gap between the neurons)
• increases reuptake ( reabsorption of the Nt- too much) of neurotransmitter or blocks it
• increases enzyme degradation ( the destroying of an enzyme) or blocks it
• activate the NT receptor with an agonist, or block the NT receptor with an antagonist

Question 19

what are the classes of psychotropic drugs?

Answer 19

antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antianxiety drugs, antipsychotics, attention-deficit drugs

Question 20

what do anti-depressants do?

Answer 20

medications that improve a severely depressed person’s mood and sense of well-being

Question 21

name some anti-depressants.

Answer 21

tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, SSRI’s ( like Prozac), ketamine blockers

Question 22

what do mood stabilizers do?

Answer 22

used to treat mood disorders such as bipolar disorder, intense mood swings

Question 23

name some mood stabilizers.

Answer 23

lithium, depakote, tegretol

Question 24

what do antianxiety drugs do?

Answer 24

for people suffering from anxiety disorders, reduce levels of anxiety, reducing their excitability

example: Valium

Question 25

what do antipsychotic drugs do?

Answer 25

temporarily reduce psychotic symptoms ( hallucinations, delusions, etc.)

example: chlorpromazine

Question 26

what do attention-deficit drugs do?

Answer 26

drugs that work on the dopamine system, increases dopamine neurotransmission

Question 27

what is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Answer 27

• used for severe depression
• electric current is briefly administered to a person’s head (70-150 volts)
• can cause seizures or a loss of consciousness

Question 28

what is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?

Answer 28

directs a precise magnetic pulse into a specific area of the brain
- less invasive, fewer symptoms associated with it.