module 40: psychodynamic approaches to personality

Question 1

what is the psychodynamic approach to personality?

Answer 1

the suggestion that personality is unconscious and is motivated by inner forces.

Question 2

what is the unconscious?

Answer 2

contains memories and knowledge of which the individual is not aware.

Question 3

wht is the preconscious?

Answer 3

makes up some of the unconscious, contains material that is non-threatening

Question 4

what is the ID?

Answer 4

Instinctual and primitive part of personality, operates according to the pleasure principle

Question 5

what is the EGO?

Answer 5

rational and logical part of personality, operates according to the reality principle

Question 6

what is the SUPEREGO?

Answer 6

judges the morality of our behavior, controls the ID.

operates according to the conscience perspective.

Question 7

according to Freud, what are fixations?

Answer 7

conflicts that persist beyond the developmental period in which they first occur.

Question 8

what is the definition of personality?

Answer 8

a person’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 9

what is the humanistic approach to personality?

Answer 9

focused on inner growth and self-fulfillment

Question 10

what do trait theories do?

Answer 10

examine characteristic patterns of behavior

Question 11

which psychologist believed that nothing we do is by mistake or chance?

Answer 11

Sigmund Freud

Question 12

what are defense mechanisms?

Answer 12

tactics that reduce anxiety with reality distortion, done by the ego

Question 13

many of Sigmund’s ideas are disputed and criticized today. one of them was the suggestion that the suppression of sexuality does what?

Answer 13

causes psychological disorders

Question 14

what is a projective test?

Answer 14

provides ambiguous stimuli in order to reveal inner emotions and the unconscious

Question 15

what is the TAT test?

Answer 15

a projective test in which people reveal their inner emotions by makign up stories about the images they see

Question 16

what is the Rorschach Inkblot Test?

Answer 16

analyzes people’s interpretations of inkblots on a paper, most widely used projective test

Question 17

who created the pyramid of needs ( humanistic personality theory)

Answer 17

Abraham Maslow

Question 18

what is self-actualization?

Answer 18

fulfilling one’s potential

Question 19

what is self-concept? and what perspective does this refer to?

Answer 19

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, refers to Carl Rogers’ person-centered perspective

Question 20

what is a trait?

Answer 20

an enduring quality or behavioral disposition

Question 21

name the Big Five. (CANOE)

Answer 21

Conscientiousness (discipline)
Agreeableness ( kindness)
Neuroticism ( emotional stability)
Openness ( imagination, independence)
Extraversion ( extrovert)