module 14-15: sleep and dreams Flashcards
the brain is active during sleep. ( true or false)
true
what are the four stages of sleep?
Stage 1, 2, 3 and REM sleep
how long does each cycle last?
90 minutes
what are the characteristics of Stage 1?
the transition between rapid, low amplitude brain waves
what are the characteristics of Stage 2?
makes up 50% of total sleep, sleep spindles occur ( bursts of wave activity)
what are the characteristics of Stage 3?
least responsive to outside stimulation, brain waves become slower.
REM sleep only occupies —– of sleeping time.
20%
what are the characteristics of REM sleep?
heart rate becomes irregular; breathing rate increases; blood pressure rises
everyone dreams. true or false?
true
what is the rebound effect?
increase in REM sleep after sleep deprivation.
which of the following is NOT a reason we need to sleep?
a. To have time where we do not need to do anything else
b. To restore and repair neurons
c. To engage in creative problem solving
d. To grow when we are young
a. To have time where we do not need to do anything else
how much sleep debt do we have on average?
20-30 hours
which of the following is not directly part of the awareness that is consciousness?
a. sensations
b. thoughts
c. feelings
d. attitudes
d. attitudes
which of the following is NOT an altered state of consciousness?
a. sleeping
b. hypnosis
c. waking
d. daydreaming
c. waking
which of the following hormones is released in larger quantities when we are sleep deprived?
a. GABA
b. Ghrelin
c. Leptin
d. Estrogen
b. Ghrelin
what is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
a structure in the hypothalamus that regulates circadian rhythms via the pineal gland
the pineal gland releases melatonin
most REM sleep dreams involve —– emotions and content.
positive/negative
negative
our dreams are usually focused on:
a. childhood trauma
b. our experiences and preoccupations
c. a combination of genetic and environmental factors
d. nothing
b. our experiences and preoccupations.
One day, you dream about the brakes of your car not working as you drive. The brakes not working are an example of ——- and the actual underlying anxiety in your life about losing control is an example of——-.
a. manifest destiny, the latency stage
b. latent content; manifest content
c. your imagination; your greatest life fear
d. manifest content; latent content
d. mainfest content; latent content
this theory of dreaming states that dreams exist because your brain produces random electrical energy during REM sleep and stimulates stored memories.
a. activation synthesis theory
b. psychoanalytic theory
c. behavioral theory
d. neuro-endocrine theory
a. activation synthesis theory
what is reverse learning?
the elimination of unnecessary information that accumulates so that it doe snot become burdensome.
Women sleep and fall asleep more than men do.
true/false
true
what is the unconscious wish theory? who made it?
the theory that dreams represent wishes the dreamer wants to fulfill ( Sigmund Freud)
at what stage of sleep does sleepwalking and sleeptalking occur?
Stage 3
what are daydreams?
fantasies people construct while awake.
what is hypnosis? what state of consciousness is it?
a trancelike state of heightened susceptibility to the suggestions of others.
it is a state of divided consciousness.
what are some possible benefits of undergoing hypnosis?
controls pain
reduces smoking
assists in law enforcement
improves athletic performance
what is a circadian rhythm?
a 24 hour biological clock that regulates body rhythms
how is the SCN ( suprachismatic nucleus) activated?
bright light activates light- sensitive retinal proteins which signals the SCN
which factors contribute to variability in circadian rhytms?
age (newborns sleep most of the day, adults do not)
genes
culture and experience
what is the definition of sleep?
the periodic, natural loss of consciousness
what does sleep loss predict?
depression
what are the ways in which sleep loss can cause weight gain?
increases GHRELIN- hunger arousing hormone
decreases LEPTIN- hunger decreasing hormone
decreases metabolic rate
increases CORTISOL- hormone that stimulates body to make fat
what are dreams?
sequences of images that passes through a sleeping person’s mind
sensory stimuli can be incorporated into our dreams- true or false?
true
what is the AIM theory?
dreams start in the pons, then sends random signals to the cortex
what is meditation?
a learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness
