module 14-15: sleep and dreams

Question 1

the brain is active during sleep. ( true or false)

Answer 1

true

Question 2

what are the four stages of sleep?

Answer 2

Stage 1, 2, 3 and REM sleep

Question 3

how long does each cycle last?

Answer 3

90 minutes

Question 4

what are the characteristics of Stage 1?

Answer 4

the transition between rapid, low amplitude brain waves

Question 5

what are the characteristics of Stage 2?

Answer 5

makes up 50% of total sleep, sleep spindles occur ( bursts of wave activity)

Question 6

what are the characteristics of Stage 3?

Answer 6

least responsive to outside stimulation, brain waves become slower.

Question 7

REM sleep only occupies —– of sleeping time.

Answer 7

20%

Question 8

what are the characteristics of REM sleep?

Answer 8

heart rate becomes irregular; breathing rate increases; blood pressure rises

Question 9

everyone dreams. true or false?

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what is the rebound effect?

Answer 10

increase in REM sleep after sleep deprivation.

Question 11

which of the following is NOT a reason we need to sleep?

a. To have time where we do not need to do anything else
b. To restore and repair neurons
c. To engage in creative problem solving
d. To grow when we are young

Answer 11

a. To have time where we do not need to do anything else

Question 12

how much sleep debt do we have on average?

Answer 12

20-30 hours

Question 13

which of the following is not directly part of the awareness that is consciousness?

a. sensations
b. thoughts
c. feelings
d. attitudes

Answer 13

d. attitudes

Question 14

which of the following is NOT an altered state of consciousness?

a. sleeping
b. hypnosis
c. waking
d. daydreaming

Answer 14

c. waking

Question 15

which of the following hormones is released in larger quantities when we are sleep deprived?

a. GABA
b. Ghrelin
c. Leptin
d. Estrogen

Answer 15

b. Ghrelin

Question 16

what is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

Answer 16

a structure in the hypothalamus that regulates circadian rhythms via the pineal gland

the pineal gland releases melatonin

Question 17

most REM sleep dreams involve —– emotions and content.

positive/negative

Answer 17

negative

Question 18

our dreams are usually focused on:

a. childhood trauma
b. our experiences and preoccupations
c. a combination of genetic and environmental factors
d. nothing

Answer 18

b. our experiences and preoccupations.

Question 19

One day, you dream about the brakes of your car not working as you drive. The brakes not working are an example of ——- and the actual underlying anxiety in your life about losing control is an example of——-.

a. manifest destiny, the latency stage
b. latent content; manifest content
c. your imagination; your greatest life fear
d. manifest content; latent content

Answer 19

d. mainfest content; latent content

Question 20

this theory of dreaming states that dreams exist because your brain produces random electrical energy during REM sleep and stimulates stored memories.

a. activation synthesis theory
b. psychoanalytic theory
c. behavioral theory
d. neuro-endocrine theory

Answer 20

a. activation synthesis theory

Question 21

what is reverse learning?

Answer 21

the elimination of unnecessary information that accumulates so that it doe snot become burdensome.

Question 22

Women sleep and fall asleep more than men do.

true/false

Answer 22

true

Question 23

what is the unconscious wish theory? who made it?

Answer 23

the theory that dreams represent wishes the dreamer wants to fulfill ( Sigmund Freud)

Question 24

at what stage of sleep does sleepwalking and sleeptalking occur?

Answer 24

Stage 3

Question 25

what are daydreams?

Answer 25

fantasies people construct while awake.

Question 26

what is hypnosis? what state of consciousness is it?

Answer 26

a trancelike state of heightened susceptibility to the suggestions of others.

it is a state of divided consciousness.

Question 27

what are some possible benefits of undergoing hypnosis?

Answer 27

controls pain
reduces smoking
assists in law enforcement
improves athletic performance

Question 28

what is a circadian rhythm?

Answer 28

a 24 hour biological clock that regulates body rhythms

Question 29

how is the SCN ( suprachismatic nucleus) activated?

Answer 29

bright light activates light- sensitive retinal proteins which signals the SCN

Question 30

which factors contribute to variability in circadian rhytms?

Answer 30

age (newborns sleep most of the day, adults do not)

genes

culture and experience

Question 31

what is the definition of sleep?

Answer 31

the periodic, natural loss of consciousness

Question 32

what does sleep loss predict?

Answer 32

depression

Question 33

what are the ways in which sleep loss can cause weight gain?

Answer 33

increases GHRELIN- hunger arousing hormone
decreases LEPTIN- hunger decreasing hormone

decreases metabolic rate
increases CORTISOL- hormone that stimulates body to make fat

Question 34

what are dreams?

Answer 34

sequences of images that passes through a sleeping person’s mind

Question 35

sensory stimuli can be incorporated into our dreams- true or false?

Answer 35

true

Question 36

what is the AIM theory?

Answer 36

dreams start in the pons, then sends random signals to the cortex

Question 37

what is meditation?

Answer 37

a learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness