module 36-38: Adolescence Flashcards
wht are concepts?
general ideas that organize objects, events etc, on the basis of some similarity
what is categorization?
the process whereby objects are grouped into classes by means of some principle or rule
children often categorize things in terms of?
inanimate objects, people and animals
3 and 4 month old infants can categorize things. true or false?
true
what are the three characteristics of children’s theories?
- divide things into basic categories
- explain many phenomena into a few principles
- explain events in terms of unobservable causes
what is the theory of mind?
ability to attribute mental states ( beliefs, desires) to other people while understanding that other people’s perspectives are differetn than your own.
describe the false- belief theory.
the state in which kids think cannot perceive another’s person’s perspective of something
people with ——- ——- ——- typically fail the false-belief task.
autism spectrum disorder
kids with autism do not usually interpret situations as social. true or false?
true
what are symbols?
systems for representing thoughts, feelings, and knowledge, and communicating them to others
name some components of language.
sounds, context, grammar, words
what are phonemes?
elementary units of sounds that distinguish meaning
describe Janet Werker’s experiment on infant speech sound discrimination.
infants can discriminate between sounds, but this decreases as they age
what is attachment?
emotional bond between a caregiver and an infant
what is the psychoanalytic theory of attachment?
infant relationship with mother shapes later development (by Freud)
what is the learning theory of attachment?
the mother becomes an attachment object because she is associated with the baby’s drive of hunger ( love because of food)
what is developmental psychopathology?
study of the patterns of individual patterns of behavioral maladaptation
what are developmental trajectories?
the paths individuals follow over the course of development
what is equifinality?
many different pathways- arrive on the same outcome
what is multifinality?
one event can lead to several different outcomes
what is adolescence?
transitional period from childhood to adulthood
when does adolescence begin?
when puberty starts, around ages 10-12
what is adenarche?
secretion of adrenal androgens, brigns about pubic hair
what is gonadarche?
gonadal changes of puberty, ovaries in girls and testis in boys
what is puberty?
a series of complex changes at th neuroendocrine level that turns into physical changes.
girls mature around 2 years earlier than boys. true or false?
true
what is the secular trend ( onset of puberty)?
the age of menarche ( a girl’s first period) has decreased significantly over 150 years.
what is neuroplasticity?
ability of the brain to modify itself in response to experience
what does the prefrontal cortex do in terms of puberty?
controls planning, judgement, controls impulses
what does the limbic system do in puberty?
processes emotions and social information
which part of the brain increases reactivity to social contexts?
the medial PFC
what part of the brain increases reactivity to emootional stimuli and reawrds?
the amygdala and ventral straitum
what happens when the amygdala, ventral striatum and mediall PFC are combined ( emotionally)?
increased sensitivity to peers
