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intro psychology > module 36-38: Adolescence > Flashcards

module 36-38: Adolescence Flashcards

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1
Q

wht are concepts?

A

general ideas that organize objects, events etc, on the basis of some similarity

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2
Q

what is categorization?

A

the process whereby objects are grouped into classes by means of some principle or rule

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3
Q

children often categorize things in terms of?

A

inanimate objects, people and animals

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4
Q

3 and 4 month old infants can categorize things. true or false?

A

true

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5
Q

what are the three characteristics of children’s theories?

A
  1. divide things into basic categories
  2. explain many phenomena into a few principles
  3. explain events in terms of unobservable causes
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6
Q

what is the theory of mind?

A

ability to attribute mental states ( beliefs, desires) to other people while understanding that other people’s perspectives are differetn than your own.

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7
Q

describe the false- belief theory.

A

the state in which kids think cannot perceive another’s person’s perspective of something

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8
Q

people with ——- ——- ——- typically fail the false-belief task.

A

autism spectrum disorder

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9
Q

kids with autism do not usually interpret situations as social. true or false?

A

true

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10
Q

what are symbols?

A

systems for representing thoughts, feelings, and knowledge, and communicating them to others

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11
Q

name some components of language.

A

sounds, context, grammar, words

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12
Q

what are phonemes?

A

elementary units of sounds that distinguish meaning

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13
Q

describe Janet Werker’s experiment on infant speech sound discrimination.

A

infants can discriminate between sounds, but this decreases as they age

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14
Q

what is attachment?

A

emotional bond between a caregiver and an infant

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15
Q

what is the psychoanalytic theory of attachment?

A

infant relationship with mother shapes later development (by Freud)

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16
Q

what is the learning theory of attachment?

A

the mother becomes an attachment object because she is associated with the baby’s drive of hunger ( love because of food)

17
Q

what is developmental psychopathology?

A

study of the patterns of individual patterns of behavioral maladaptation

18
Q

what are developmental trajectories?

A

the paths individuals follow over the course of development

19
Q

what is equifinality?

A

many different pathways- arrive on the same outcome

20
Q

what is multifinality?

A

one event can lead to several different outcomes

21
Q

what is adolescence?

A

transitional period from childhood to adulthood

22
Q

when does adolescence begin?

A

when puberty starts, around ages 10-12

23
Q

what is adenarche?

A

secretion of adrenal androgens, brigns about pubic hair

24
Q

what is gonadarche?

A

gonadal changes of puberty, ovaries in girls and testis in boys

25
Q

what is puberty?

A

a series of complex changes at th neuroendocrine level that turns into physical changes.

26
Q

girls mature around 2 years earlier than boys. true or false?

A

true

27
Q

what is the secular trend ( onset of puberty)?

A

the age of menarche ( a girl’s first period) has decreased significantly over 150 years.

28
Q

what is neuroplasticity?

A

ability of the brain to modify itself in response to experience

29
Q

what does the prefrontal cortex do in terms of puberty?

A

controls planning, judgement, controls impulses

30
Q

what does the limbic system do in puberty?

A

processes emotions and social information

31
Q

which part of the brain increases reactivity to social contexts?

A

the medial PFC

32
Q

what part of the brain increases reactivity to emootional stimuli and reawrds?

A

the amygdala and ventral straitum

33
Q

what happens when the amygdala, ventral striatum and mediall PFC are combined ( emotionally)?

A

increased sensitivity to peers

intro psychology (10 decks)

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