Module 32: Cell Division

Question 1

What refers to the division of the nucleus in Eukaryotes?

Answer 1

Mitosis & Meiosis

Question 2

Mitosis occurs in?

Answer 2

Somatic (body) cells

Question 3

Meiosis occurs in

Answer 3

Germ (sex) cells example sperm & egg cells

Question 4

What is the difference between Mitosis & Meiosis?

Answer 4

1. Mitosis leads to diploid cells that are identical to the parent cell. Also 1 round of nuclear division
2. Meiosis leads to haploid cells that are distinct from the parent cell. Also, two rounds of nuclear division.

Question 5

What is diploid?

Answer 5

2 copies of each of 23 chromosomes =46 chromosomes/ cell

Question 6

What is haploid?

Answer 6

1 copy of each of 23 chromosomes

Question 7

What are the three stages of interphase?

Answer 7

1. G1-Growth
2. S-DNA Synthesis
3. G2-Growth organelle replication prepares to divide

Question 8

What are the three major checkpoints of the cell cycle?

Answer 8

1. G1 Checkpoint-
2. G2-M Checkpoint
3. Metaphase-Anaphase

Question 9

G1 Checkpoint list?

Answer 9

Before DNA Replication.

1. Am I large enough?
2. Is there enough energy to divide?
3. Have I been signaled to divide?

Question 10

G2-M Checkpoint list?

Answer 10

Organelles need to be replicated.

1. Is DNA replicated finished?

Question 11

Metaphase-Anaphase Checkpoint list?

Answer 11

Are ALL chromosomes attached to spindle?

Question 12

What does it mean to say that a cell has “exited the cell” or entered the G0 phase?

Answer 12

Cell do not proceed toward division

Question 13

G0 Phase?

Answer 13

G0 occurs AFTER mitosis, in G1 BEFORE S phase. G0- performing normal cellular functions, without preparing to divide.

Question 14

Prophase

Answer 14

Centrosomes duplicate/ begin moving apart. Chromosomes condense and become visible.

Question 15

Metaphase

Answer 15

Nucleus vanishes. Chromsomes line up in middle of cell. Centrosomes send out spindle fibers.

Question 16

Anaphase

Answer 16

Spindle shortens-chromosomes pulled towards opposite poles for cells.

Question 17

Telophase & Cytokinesis

Answer 17

Nuclei begin to re-form. Chromosomes begins to disappear. Chromatin form 2 identical cells.

Question 18

Process of the Binary fission

Answer 18

1. A parent cell at the beginning of the cell cycle. 2. Chromosomes replication and cell enlargement. 3. Chromosomes division and septation. 4. completion of cell compartments. 5. End of cell division cycle.

Question 19

Cytokinesis

Answer 19

Process where the cells will split

Question 20

Cleavage furrow

Answer 20

During cytokinesis in animals, the contractible ring of microfilaments around the equator of the cell.

Question 21

Cell Plate

Answer 21

The precursor for the new cell wall that forms during cytokinesis in plant cells.

Question 22

What is the difference between a chromosome and a sister chromatid?

Answer 22

Chromosome- Tightly coiled form of the DNA-protein complex.

Sister Chromatid- One of a pair of chromatin threads; one side of a chromosome X-shape.

Question 23

How many chromosomes are present in a human cell that is in G1 phase?

Answer 23

46 chromosomes and has two copies of ach gene. Mitosis always has 46 chromosomes